ON THE ENERGY OF STORMS MARGULES 



557 



the mass in a vertical column of atmosphere whose section has the 

 unit area and for which p = RT jj. 



J^^ S== Rjo pdz 



= r\ Po r °" a/Ra St T ~° /Ra dT - 



1 



g + Ra 



(PoT -pT) 



(5) 



For neutral equilibrium throughout the atmospheric column we 

 have a = g/C p whence in this case 



j: 



Tudz = 



1 



"1 +JC 



(PoT -pT) 



(5a) 



h\ 



§(21) Overturning of upper strata in the column; computation of 

 the available kinetic energy in this case. 



We will apply equation (3) to the following problem. In one 

 column (see fig. 3) are at first two masses, 1 and 2, each in neutral 

 equilibrium ; the entropy of the 

 lower mass 2 is higher than that 

 of 1 ; between these two masses 

 as a whole there exists initially 

 unstable equilibrium, after the {__ 



overturning and in the final _ J __%' 



stable condition the whole mass 

 1, which now becomes 1', rests 

 below and 2 becomes 2' on top. 

 In this overturning, the alti- 

 tudes of both strata are changed 

 and also the location of their 



surface of separation i\ the pressure on this surface i will be desig- 

 nated p i for the initial and p\ for the final stage ; the temperature 

 of each mass changes but the condition of neutral equilibrium re- 

 mains true of 1' and 2' individually provided it be true as we assume 

 that the transition from 1 to i r and 2 to 2' is performed isentropic- 

 ally. The pressures p at the base and p h at the upper boundary 

 remain unchanged. 



At the boundary surface i there is initially a sudden transition 

 from the temperature T i2 to the smaller value T iv 



Po 



FIG. 3 



