Vol. xii.T Johnston, Internal Parasites. IO5 



Internal Parasites Recorded from Australian Birds. 



By T. Harvey Johnston, M.A., D.Sc, F.L.S., Biology Depart- 

 ment, University of Queensland. 



In a paper, " On Australian Avian Entozoa," read before the 

 Royal Society of New South Wales (June, 1910), I gave a list of 

 the internal parasites * known to infest Australian birds, including 

 introduced hosts, such as domesticated birds. Sparrows, &c., and 

 also the literature referring to their occurrence. In the present 

 list all records which do not refer to hosts coming from Australian 

 native birds, either in Australia or in various Zoological Gardens, 

 are rejected. I have, therefore, excluded a large number of hosts 

 and records included in the former paper — viz., those from the 

 Southern Ocean and from New Guinea and adjacent islands. In 

 cases where the entozoa have been collected from specimens in 

 foreign Zoological Gardens, the locality has been indicated in 

 this census. When stated in the original record, the name of the 

 State is given, thus — New South Wales (N.S.W.), Victoria (V.), 

 South Australia (S.A.), Eastern Australia (E.A.), South-West 

 Australia (S.W.A.), North- West Au^traha (N.W.A.), Southern 

 Queensland, i.e., south of Rockhampton (S.Q.), Northern Queens- 

 land (N.Q.) The great majority of the records refer to specimens 

 collected in New South Wales and Queensland, while very few 

 come from Victoria, and none, as far as I know, from Tasmania. 



In the following list there are included only the records actually 

 made, while the names of authors who have only incidentally 

 dealt with the classification of particular parasites are not included. 



In regard to the nomenclature of the birds, Mathews' " Hand- 

 list " is followed, even though the bird has been quoted by the 

 recorder under some other name, each host being given its corre- 

 sponding number in that list. This method has been preferred, 

 as it simplifies the identification. The classification of the parasite 

 is indicated thus : — a = protozoon ; h = tapeworm or cestode ; 

 c = fluke or trematode ; d = roundworm or nematode : e = 

 hook-headed worm or echinorhynch. Many of the entozoa are 

 placed under a generic name only. In some cases this is due to 

 the fact that specific identification is scarcely possible at present 

 {e.g., Halteridium, the so-called bird malaria parasites) ; in others 

 only a larval form is recorded {e.g., larval bloodworms or Micro- 

 filarice), while in others the entozoon has not been fully identified.! 



The main papers dealing with the subject are those of Krefft 

 (Trans. Ent. Soc. N.S.W., 1871) ; Dr. T. L. Bancroft (P. R. S., 

 Queensland, 1890) ; Dr. Linstow {Challenger Report, 1888) ; Dr. 



* The external parasites belonging to the group of Mallophaoa (feather 

 lice) found on Australian hosts have been listed by Mr. Launcelot Harrison 

 and myself recently (Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland, 1912). 



I The term Filaria is used to designate both the adult form and the 

 larval or microlilarial stage. Echinostomnm and Moiujstommn are used in 

 their wide sense, no attempt being made to place the specimens under the 

 various genera into which these two have been subdivided. Dr. S. J. 

 Johnston has undertaken to work out these trematodes. 



