Achaiinella and other Pulmonata. 337 



behind tlie tentacle ; this I believe to be a generic characteristic, but the 

 fact must be conflrraed in the living animal. It must surely be so in many- 

 species, among which I may mention Johnsonii and tceniolata. It is not 

 so, however, in pallida. 



Another peculiarity is the whiteness noticed in the internal organs of 

 almost all the species examined. The^whole digestive system seemed 

 injected with a dead white fluid. 



The generative system presents several peculiarities, but in its general 

 arrangement is the same as in the other shell-bearing snails. The testicle 

 is embedded in the extreme apex of the shell, in the upper lobe of the 

 liver. The epididymis is long, greatly convoluted near the oviduct. The 

 accessory gland appeared in several species (for instance in Mastersi, 

 varia, tceniolata smd prodncta) to be composed of several long, white caeca. 

 This appears to be a generic characteristic, as does also the peculiarly 

 constituted ovary.* 



Instead of tlie single, homogeneous, tongue-shaped mass usually seen in 

 the Pidmonata, I have invariably found the ovarj' in Achatindla to be 

 composed of numerous, long, delicate, crimped, thread-like caeca, fi'ee 

 excepting at their base, where they converge to the top of the oviduct, 

 I noticed this form of ovary in tceinoluta, Johnsonii, pallida, licida, varia, 

 eburnea, Mastersi and luctuosa, besides other species less thoroughly ex- 

 amined. The caeca are bound together in one irregularly ovate mass by 

 an investing membrane, which, when opened, allows the caeca to spread 

 out in the form represented in pi. xv, fig. 4. This peculiar ovary is the 

 most interesting point in the genus, so unlike the corresponding organ in 

 the other snails whose anatomy is now known. The oviduct is not con- 

 voluted, but simply long and sac-like (with extremely thin sides), ending 

 in a narrow, tubular cloaca. The remaining organs were not readily ex- 

 amined, on account of the animals having apparently been boiled, or 

 otherwise rendered difticult of dissection without breaking the continuity 

 of several of the ducts and organs, though the same general arrange- 

 ment (especially as to inter-connection) of penis, vas deferens, etc., was 

 noticed by me in tceniolata, livida, varia, eburnea and pallida. 



I have given a figure of the genitalia of one species only, A. producta, 

 which I succeeded in retaining in perfect condition. It will be noticed 

 (fig. 4) that the vas deferens proceeds directly from the base of the 

 ovary and is free in its whole length, though lying close upon the oviduct. 

 It enters the penis at its side, just below its apex. From the apex of the 

 penis sac is a delicate duct to the long organ marked a on the figure. 

 This organ runs from the base of the ovary to the apex of the sac-like 

 organ marked b. As there appears to be no prostate gland along the 

 side of the oviduct, it occurs to me that the organ a may be a form of 

 prostate, lubricating both the penis and tlie organ marked b. The last 

 is a dart sac, or a prostate, probably the latter. Its long flagellum 



*I use the terms applied to the organs by Dr. Leidj- in "Terrestrial Mollusks of 

 United States," I. 



