390 DK MUKRAY ON THE DEEP AND SHALLOW-WATER MARINE FAUNA 



Brachiopoda : 



Discina atlaiitica, Kiug. 

 *Ma(/aseUa flexuosa (Kiug). 



* Wald/wimia wyvillli, Davidson. 



TUNICATA : 



Octacnenms hythius, Moseley. 

 Pyrosoma spinosum, Herdman. 



Fishes : 



*Bathyh(fp(s atlanticus, Giinther. 

 * Bathypterois longicauda, Giinther. 



* „ longvpcfi, Giintlier. 

 * Bathysaurus ferox,^ Giinther. 



* Chlorophthahnus gracilis, Giinther. 



Ipnops murrayi,' Giinther. 

 * Macrurus affinis, Giinther. 



* ,, fernandezianus, Giinther. 



* ,, murrayi, Giinther. 



As in the case of List I., here again the great majority of the 253 species enumer- 

 ated were each taken at only one of the twenty-nine Stations. 



m 



LIST II a. 



Only 25 species occurred at more than cue of these Stations, and of these 18 

 species were each represented at two Stations, and the remaining 7 species each at three 

 Stations, as shown in the following list, where the number of Stations at which each 

 species was found is indicated in brackets after the name of the species : — 



' Balhysaurus aijusdzii, Goode and Bean, ubtaineil at a depth ul 647 fathoms in the Atlantic, lat. 33° 35' X. 

 long. 76° 0' W., is probably not specifically distinct i'lom the Pacific specimen [Eathysauriis ferox from Station 168, near 

 New Zealand, llOO fathoms]. It seems to be a fish with a somewhat deeper body, but, then, it was ascertained to 

 be a " female, full of nearly mature eggs."— (Gunther, Hool. Chall. Kxp., part 57, p. 183.) 



- Ever since the discovery of this fish [Ipitops inurmiji] nuich uncertainty has prevailed witli regaixl to tlie nature 

 and function of the extraordinary apparatus on the upper side of the head ; but from Professor Moseley'.s examination 

 it seems to be almost beyond doubt, that it is a special form of phosphorescent organ. The power of producing light, 

 and thereby attracting other creatures, must be of great use to a fish, which, deiuived of organs of sight and touch, would 

 be unable to procure its food. The question of the homology of the luminous organ and its covering lamellae is still 

 obscure ; and no other specimen can be sacrificed to investigate the osteology of the skull. If, as Professor Moseley's 

 investigations seem to prove, the luminous organ is not a modification of the eye, as Mr Murray and myself supposed 

 at first, and if the organ of vision with the optic ner\ e has disappearetl, tlie luminous organ is probably the homologue 

 of thatwhicli is found in .some Scopelids between the eye and nostril, and the covering plates would be the homologues 

 of the pneorbital membrane bones. With the abortion of the eyes the luminous organs with their pra'orbitals would 

 have moved from their usual lateral position to the top of the head. — (Gijnther, ZooI. ('hall. Exp., part 57, pp. 190-1.) 



