412 DR MURRAY OX THE DEEP AXD SHALLOW-WATER MARINE FAUNA 



LIST IV. 



Metazoa procured by the Challenger in Shallow Water, in Depths less 

 THAN 150 Fathoms, in the Kerguelen Eegion. 



Let us uow conskler the shallow-water fauna of the Kergueleu Region of the 

 Great Southern Ocean, taking the depth of 150 fathoms as the limit of the area. The 

 following is a list of the species and varieties of marine Metazoa obtained by the 

 Challenger in the vicinity of the islands of the Kerguelen Region, viz., off Marion and 

 Prince Edward Islands, in 50 to 140 fathoms (six dredgings) ; oft' Kerguelen, from the 

 shore to 150 fathoms (many dredgings and trawlings) ; between Kerguelen and Heard 

 Island, in 150 fathoms (one dredging) ; and ofi" Heard Island, in 75 fathoms (one 

 dredging). The species known only from these dredgings and trawlings are indicated 

 by an asterisk *. 



M0NAX0N^DA : 



*Araphilectus aiyollinis^ Ridley and Dendy. 



* „ pilosus,^ Ridley and Dendy. 

 *Axinella halfourensis^ Ridley and Dendy. 



* ,, mariana* Ridley and Dendy. 

 Desvw.cidon (?) ramosa, Ridley and Dendy. 



* ,, (Ho/nceodictya) kerguelenensisj' Ridley and Dendy. 

 Gellius cardials, Ridley and Dendy. 



* ,, Jlagellifer,^ Ridley and Dendy. 



1 VosJLAER (Sponges of the " Willem Barents " Expedition, 1881-2) lias founded a genus Artemisina of -which the 

 most characteristic spicule is a toxite with spined ends like that which occurs in Amphilectiis apollinis. Possibly the 

 two species Artemisina suberitoides, Vosmaer, and AmphilectvM apollinis, nobis, come near to one another and may even 

 belong to the same genus, but they differ very widely in the texture of the sponge, and our present species possesses 

 an additional form of megasclera not present in 4rtemm?!«.— (Ridley and Dendy, Zool. C'ludl. Exp., part 59, p. 124.) 



2 This species [AmphiUxtvA pilosm] is very well marked, and may be readily recognised lx)th by its external 

 appearance and its spiculation. All the spicules, except the minute isochela, which is unusually small, are of excep- 

 tionally lai^e size. The toxa are probably the largest known examples of their kind. Some of them were found still 

 enveloped by the mother-cell. The most interesting feature of the species is, however, the manner in which the toxa 

 appear to develop into oxea. — (Ridley and De>'dy, Zool. Clw.ll. Exp., part 59, p. 127.) 



^ Axinella halfourensis seems to be a very aberrant species of the genus, as indicated both by its external form and 

 by the extreme sparseness of the skeleton. — (Ridley and Dendy, Zool. Clmll. Exp., part 59, p. 180.) 



* AxiixeUa, mariana is a pretty little species, distinguished by its external form and by the peculiar shape of the 

 smaller stylote spicule, which seems to be homologous with the " vermicular " spicule of Axinella ereda, &c. — 

 (Ridley and Dendy, Zool. Chall. Exp., part 59, p. 180.) 



^ We were at first inclined to regard this sponge [Desmacidon {Horiueodiclya) kcrgitelenensu] as a variety of the 

 British species, Desmacidon {HomKodictya) palmata, which it very nearly approaches both in external form and in 

 spiciilation. There can be no doubt that the two are closely related, but on the whole it appears better to separate 

 the Kerguelen form as distinct. — (Ridley and Dendy, Zool. Chall. Exp., part 59, p. 110.) 



° VosMAZB mentions under " Gellius vagabundus (O.S)," in the Sponges of the " AVillem Barents " Expedition, a 

 variety of that species possessing oxea and sigmata, similar in form to those of our species. His specimen, though 

 containing a few styli, is obviously a true Gellius (^Gellius vagabundus being Desmacella for us), and it is not improbably 

 referable to Gellius flagellifer. It was obtained by the " Willem Barents" Expedition of 1880, and hence probably in 



