432 DR MURRAY ON THE DEEP AND SHALLOW- WATER MARINE FAUNA 



As iu the case of tlie pieceding lists, the great majority of the 533 species fuumerated 

 in the above list were each taken only at one of the four Stations or localities, but a 

 certain number occurred at more than one of these localities. 



LIST IVa. 



We give here a list of such species, indicating in brackets the number of Stations 

 or localities at which each species was found. It will l)e noticed that out of the 102 



list, the specimens of whicli probably did not reach the hands of the specialists who described the Challenger collections : 



— "The prevailing animals in the shallow-water dredging on January 17 were Echinodermata, next to which Sponges 



and Polyzoa were represented by a considerable number of genera and species. There were also a large simple 



Ascidian and a small composite one ; simple Ascidians were apparently far from numerous here, nor, indeed, were 



hey abundant at any place where we have dredged in sliallow water, — an interesting fact, if confirmed as we go on. 



Annelids were represented especially by numerous Aphroditaoeans, belonging probably to the genera A'phrodita and 



Hermione, and a few Terebellids ; there were also two Nemerteans, one a particularly large one with immense mouth. 



The almost total absence of higher Crustacea in the shallow-water fauna of these Antarctic i.slands is very astonishing. 



Near Marion Island a caridid shrini].i was taken in great numbers, while here at Kerguelen not a single Decapod was 



found. An Amphipod, the Gammaraa which iu water takes the place of flies on land, was very common. For Isopods 



this seemed to be a favourite territory, Serolis being probably the most numerous in specimens and species, though 



small Sphseromida; were not uncommon, and several specimens of a spiny Arcturu^ were taken ; most of these Isopods 



had eggs or young in their breeding pouches. A species of Tanais obtained to-day was very interesting on account of 



its method of reproduction ; it had no breeding lamellie, as in all Isopods hitherto known, Ijut instead two sacs at the 



base of the fifth pair of legs, which contained the young ones, reminding one very much of the well-known sacs at tlie 



base of the last pair of feet in Cope])ods. They were iu every way similar, but here rounded and not elongated, about 



2J inches in diameter, and containing each about twenty emljryos, which evidently remain there, as tliey do in the 



breeding pouches of other species, until they have attained their full development. Among the iloUuscs there was a 



large white Nudibranch and a few Gasteropoda and Lamellibranchiata, all indicating great uniformity in the Molluscan 



fauna of the place. On January 20, the dredge brought up some specimens of Siphmiostomum, a genus very common 



in tlie north and in the Mediteiranean, which has a great resemblance to the northern species. These worms have, 



besides two long tentacles, a quantily of liranchial filaments and papillse surrounding the mouth ; at tlie first segment 



there are also very strong and long seta: standing erect in front, and having a peculiar structure ; in tlie skin are 



many glands that e.xude a slimy secretion, by which they are generally surrounded. On January 21, the dredge 



brought up large specimens of Serolis, and in the trawl were great quantities of a C'aprella, the male of which is verj' 



much elongated, and has enormously long anterior claws ; the female had eggs in its pouch. On January 29, the 



dredge brought up many Echinoderms, a singular round simple Ascidian, and among the worms Clymenia and Terehdla, 



along with Dentalimn and otlier Molluscs. The trawl procured in the afternoon a prodigious quantity of animals, 



including specimens of a large JtnssiUa, a smaller siliceous Sponge, and a stalked one ; small Planarians and Nemerteans ; 



many Annelids, among which were large quantities of Aphrodita and Siphonostomum, and also a small Sipimcidus ; 



quantities of Polyzoa, also simple and composite Ascidians ; among Crustacea, an Ostracode belonging to the Cypri- 



dinida;, some of the big members of which seem to inhabit deeper water, many Pycnogonids, among which were a 



small Nymplwn, a large red Nyrii2Jhon,, and Pycnoyoimm (several of these spiders were overgrown hy an Alcyonium, 



which much enlarged their appearance), two female specimens of Nehalia, ditt'eriiig only slightly Irom the Mediterranean 



Nchalia geoffroyi, several male and female specimens of a Petalophthalmid, an inch long, apparently belonging to my 



genus Crozetia[ = Amblyops, Sars], established on a much larger species from deep water (these specimens with their 



larvie show that the animals undergo the ilfj/m-development, and that the genus is more nearly allied to the ordinary 



Mynis than to the deep-sea Petalophthalmids) ; among the Isopods were quantities of Serolis, old and young in all 



stages of development, a few specimens of the Tiujais taken on the 17th, and males and ovigerous females of Pmnizn 



{Anceus), showing hardly any differences from the species studied by Dohrn at Plymouth and described by Spence 



ijate in his British Sessile-Eyed Crustacea ; Amphipods were represented by several small sjiecies, and a large one 



distinguished by a bright-red process at the front of the carapace, containing, under a simple chitiuous layer, pigment 



arranged in hexagons (I could discover no trace of bodies entitling them to be called eyes, of which they are very 



probably the rudiments) ; of Cumacea a little Cumu was very abundant, in the males of which the second antenna: 



seem to remain in the same state of development as in the female. Excejit the Schizopod already mentioned, not a 



single member of the higher stalk-eyed Crustacea was taken, and probably no others exist here in shallow water. 



Three specimens of a Kaia, not mentioned in Giinther's Catalogue of Fishes, were also obtained." 



