A plants 's demographic properties are often more closely correlated with 

 size and life-history stage rather than age (Werner and Caswell 1977, Caswell 

 1989), although both may be important in predicting an individual's fate 

 (Young 1985). We chose these classes because they are correlated with age as 

 well as size and because they also represent a reasonable compromise between 

 having many categories with too few observations each and few categories with 

 many observations (Vandermeer 1978). 



In each year we collected one fruit from the middle of the inflorescence 

 of each of 25 randomly chosen plants growing near the transects at each site. 

 We counted the number of mature or nearly mature seeds in each fruit to obtain 

 an estimate of seeds per fruit for each site. 



In 1993 we collected one fruit each from 25 randomly selected axillary 

 flowering plants and 25 bolting plants from each site. After counting the 

 number of mature or developing seeds, those from Charleys Gulch and Vipond 

 ParJc were used in germination tests. Seeds from Lime Gulch were not mature 

 enough to be used. Seeds were stored dry at room temperature for 4 months 

 prior to the tests. Two treatments were tested: (1) warm/light - constant 

 20°C with 14 hours of constant light per day and (2) cold/dark - constant 5°C 

 in the dark. Seeds were placed on moist filter paper in petri dishes, 20 

 seeds from a single parent per dish with 6 bolting and 6 axillary flowering 

 replicates from each site for each treatment. The warm/light and cold/dark 

 treatments were given for 8 and 20 days respectively. Germinated seeds were 

 recognized by the radicle emerging at least 1 mm from the seed coat. 



We estimated canopy cover to the nearest 5% of all vascular plants as 

 well as cover of rock, bare soil and basal vegetation in each plot (Daubenmire 

 1959) . 



