Miscellaneous. 
175 
ness of which I am daily obtaining fresh evidence, I may represent 
as follows the biological cycle of the Aphis of the Pistachio. 
In May and June the egg deposited on the Pistachio by the 
fecundated female hatches and produces an apterous insect; this is 
The Founder (first larval form). It produces the gall; and after 
four moults it produces, in its quality of vivigemmic pseuclogyne , 
young Aphides, destined to acquire wings and to furnish, after four 
moults, 
The Emigrants (second larval form), which quit the gall, fly to 
the grasses, and then produce apterous young, which are 
The Budders (third larval form). These bud underground, pro¬ 
ducing a longer or shorter series of apterous generations, until the 
period of swarming and of the appearance of nymphs, which 
furnish 
The Pupifera (fourth larval form), which issue from the ground 
and fly to the Pistachio, where they deposit their pupae, which very 
quickly produce the sexual individuals which copulate, and of 
which the female deposits the fecundated egg which serves as the 
starting point. 
I hope soon to be able to give the complete history of other 
insects of the group Pemphiginae; for M. Courchet has already been 
able to rear two more ( Pemphigus follicularius and P. semilunarius ) 
upon grasses, and those of the poplar and elm are too abundant 
long to escape our investigations with the data already acquired.— 
Comptes Bendas, November 18, 1878, p. 782. 
A new Order of Extinct Reptiles ( Sauranodonta) from the Jurassic 
Formation of the Roelcy Mountains. By Professor 0. C. Maksh. 
The absence of the genus Ichthyosaurus in the extinct fauna of 
this country has long been a noteworthy feature; for up to the 
present time no traces of it have been detected, although its 
remains are especially abundant in Europe. An interesting spe¬ 
cimen, recently discovered in the llocky-Mountain region, presents, 
in most of its skeleton, the characteristics of that genus, but is 
without teeth. The vertebrae, ribs, and other portions of the skele¬ 
ton preserved cannot be distinguished from the corresponding parts 
of Ichthyosaurus; and many features of the skull show a strong 
resemblance. The general form of the skull is the same. The 
great development of the premaxillaries, the reduced maxillaries, 
the huge orbit, defended by a ring of bony plates, are all present; 
but the jaws appear entirely edentulous and destitute even of a 
dentary groove. 
The proportions of this reptile were very similar to those of 
Ichthyosaurus. The skull is about 2 feet (600 millims.) in length, 
and the facial portion especially produced. The orbits are very 
large, and the space between them is 140 millims. The sclerotic 
ring is composed of only eight plates; its diameter at the base is 
106 millims., and at the apex 58 millims. These plates are not 
