196 
Mr. A. W. Waters on the 
large zooecial avicularia, triangular, clavate, very wide, near the 
end of the mandible. 
Hah. Red Sea (my collection) ; Naples from the depth of a 
few fathoms. 
68. Cellepora ramulosa , L. 
Cellepora ramulosa, L., Brit.-Mus. Cat. p. 87, pi. cix. figs. 1, 2, 3. 
Cellepora ramulosa, Manzoni, Bry. Foss. Ital. cont. 4, p. 12, pi. v. 
figs. 20, 29', pi. vi. figs. 30, 30', 30"; and I Brioz. di Castrocaro, 
p. 34, pi. v. fig. 62. 
Cellepora ramulosa, forma ramulosa, Smitt, Krit. Fort. 1867, p. 31. 
Pliocene : Crag, Castrocaro, Pezzo, and Cannitello; Ant¬ 
werp (H. de Lehaie ). Living: Britain, RoscofF («/.), Scan¬ 
dinavia (Sm.) ; Naples from 40 fathoms (one piece only), 
most resembling Manzoni’s figure. 
This is rather less than 1 millim. in diameter, while a 
specimen I have from the coast of France, and which I be¬ 
lieve resembles the British form, is about 2 millims. in dia¬ 
meter. The Naples specimen has only three cells in a complete 
circle, or six in the double row, while they are numerous in 
the RoscofF specimens. 
69. Cellepora sardonica , nov. (PI. XIV. figs. 2, 5, 5 a, 6.) 
Zoarium incrusting; zooecia irregularly ovate, heaped, an 
oral rostral avicularium turned over each aperture; small 
circular and spatulate avicularia scattered over the cells ; 
avicularia of external cells acute, of subsequent cells rounded 
(occasionally an acute avicularium met with) ; ovicells plain, 
small, and deeply immersed, the rounded distal edge of the 
aperture with a large number of teeth projecting, the proximal 
straight edge plane. 
The shape of the aperture, which is uncommon in the Cel- 
leporidae, is the same as in C. compressa , Busk; but as the 
diagnosis is based on the general appearance, it is impossible 
to say if they are the same. 
Fig. 2 is the form of the external zooecia of several species 
of Cellepora , where the subsequent characters are entirely 
distinct; and a glance at figs. 2 & 5 will prove the utility of 
examining the opercula where it is available. 
I have one nice specimen with only one layer of cells in- 
crusting ; and this and other species show how closely Celle¬ 
pora and Lepralia are connected. It is usually about half an 
inch thick on the foots of seaweeds. 
The species is named from the sardonic manner in which 
the teeth are shown. 
The operculum (fig. 6) is very slightly contracted above 
