279 
Bryozoa o f the Bay o f Naples. 
110. Frondipora verrucosa, Lamx. 
(PI. XXIV. figs. 1-7.) 
Madrepore rameux See., Marsigli, Hist. Pk. de la Mer, p. 150, pi. xxxiv. 
figs. 165, 166. 
Krustemterna verrucosa , Larnx. Expos. Meth. p. 41, pi. lxxiv. figs. 
10-13 (juv.), pi. xxvi. fig. 5. 
Frondipora reticulata, Blainv. Man. d’Actin. p. 406, pi. lxix. fig. 1 ; 
Sinitt, loc. cit. 1866, var. a. and /3; Busk, Mar. Polyz. pt. iii. p. 38, 
pi. xxi. 
Frondipora verrucosa, Busk, loc . cit. p. 39. 
?Frondipora Marsiytii, Mich. Icon. Zooph. p. 68, pi. xiv. fig. 4. 
Fig. 7 represents a colony growing on a shell. It is about 
2 inches high and 3 wide. There is first an irregular expan¬ 
sion ; and then a cup has been formed (of which the detailed 
irregularities are not shown) ; and it is specially noteworthy 
that the poriferous face is on the outside, whereas in Retepora 
it is inside. This same mode of growth is also exhibited 
in a somewhat less perfect specimen; but it is not quite clear 
how it takes place, since in the young (figs. 4, 5, 6) the 
poriferous face is seen to be internal (in figs. 4 and 5 the top 
should be shown flatter). 
This is the common Mediterranean species; but when worn 
the fasciculi appear confluent, and ultimately the whole surface 
seems poriferous; and from my specimens I do not doubt that 
F. reticulata and verrucosa are the same. 
The young colonies are in some stages much like the Fasci- 
culipora ramosa , D’Orb.; and it appears very probable that 
many species and some genera have been formed from the 
young of this and allied groups, though of course the com¬ 
plete growth of one genus may resemble the young of another. 
Fungella , Hag., looks like a young stage; and Fungella 
trijida , Busk, from the Crag, resembles a stage a little younger 
than figs. 4 and 5. 
Near the base the surface is marked with u hexagonal 
areola,” while the rest of the surface is striated and finely 
punctured. 
Ctenostomata. 
111. Pherusa tubulosa , Ell. & Sol. (PI. XXIV. figs. 13,14.) 
Flastra tubulosa, Ellis & Sol. Nat. Hist, of Zooph. p. 17. no. 11. 
Pherusa tubulosa, Lamx. Hist, des Polyp, p. 119, pi. ii. fig. 1 , et Expos. 
M6th. p. 3, pi. lxiv. figs. 12-14. 
Pherusa tubulosa, Heller, Die Bry. des Adriat. p. 93. 
The membranous zoaria grow as flexible fronds, usually 
erect, but also decumbent, forming an orbicular lobed expan¬ 
sion in the centre of which grow other fronds. The ends of the 
zooecia are raised ; and when the polypide is withdrawn the 
end appears quadrangular ; when the polypide is exserted, 
19* 
