3 7G M. K. A. Zittel on Fossil Calcispongice. 
for the most part belonging to the Pharetrones ( Peronella , 
Corynella , Pharetrospongia , Stellispongia). The same genera 
occur still more abundantly in the Great Oolite of Ranville, 
St. Aubin, and Langrune, as also in strata of the same age in 
the Cracow district, especially near Balin. 
The Upper Jura, which contains such astonishing quanti¬ 
ties of Ilexactinellicbe and Lithistidse in the Sponge-limestones 
of the Jura chain, is poor in calcareous sponges. The most 
ancient representative of the Sycones (Scyphia punctata, Goldf.) 
occurs here as a rarity, accompanied by Myrmecium rotula , 
Miinst., and Peronella cylindrical Goldf. On the other hand, 
the Terrain a chailles, the Coral Rag of Nattheim, and the 
siliceous Jurassic limestone of Ainberg may be indicated as 
horizons for Calcispongise. In these localities there are found 
various species of Peronella , Corynella , Eusiphonella, Crispi- 
spongia , Eudea , and Blastinia , and, indeed, generally in a 
silicified state. From the neighbourhood of Bruntrut and 
Chambdry also a number of Upper-Jurassic Calcispongiee of 
the above-named genera have been described by Etallon* * * § 
and Fromentel f. 
In the Cretaceous formation the Pharetrones appear to have 
attained the zenith of their development. They occur in great 
quantities in various horizons of the lower division of that 
formation (Valenginian, Neocomian, and Aptian); and the 
North-German Hils, the Neocomian of St. Dizier, Germiney, 
Vassy, Morteau, Fontenoy, &c., in France, the Valenginian 
of Arzier, the Neocomian of Mont Salbve, the Urgonian of 
La Rusille and Landdron, the Aptian of La Presta in Switzer¬ 
land, and the inferior sand of Farringdon in England, espe¬ 
cially, have attained a certain celebrity through the writings 
of Fromentelf, F. A. Romer§, Loriol ||, and Sharped. 
In the Cenomanian, the Tourtia of Essen, and the Green- 
* Thurmann und Etallon, “ Lethsea Bruntrutana,” Neue Denkschr. der 
sehw. naturf. Gesellsch. vols. xix. & xx. 
t Pillet et Fromentel, ‘ Description geologique et paleontologique de la 
colline de Lemenc.’ Chainb^ry, 1875. 
f E. de Fromentel, “ Introduction a l’etude des Sponges fossiles,” M^m. 
Soc. Linn. Norm. vol. xi. 1859; and “ Catalogue raisonnd des Spongitaires 
de l’etage Neocomien,” Bull. Soc. Sci. de l’Yonne, 1861. 
§ F. A. Romer, “ Die Spongitarien des norddeutschen Kreidegebirges,” 
Palseontographica, vol. xiii. 1864. 
|| P. de Loriol, ‘ Description des animaux invertebres fossiles du N6o- 
comien moyendu Mont Saleve,’ 1863 ; and “Monographie des couches de 
l’etage Valenginien d’Arzier,” in Pictet’s ‘ Materiaux pour la Paleontologie 
Suisse,’ 4 e ser. 1868. P. de Loriol et Gillieron, “ Monographie de l’^tage 
Urgonien inferieur de Landeron,” Mem. Soc. Helv. Sci. Nat. vol. xxiii. 
1869. 
Sharpe, Quart. Joum. Geol. Soc. vol. x- 1854. 
