the Memoirs on Loxosoma. 
403 
finite statements ” as to the earliest developmental processes, 
has been no move fortunate himself; so that Hatschek also 
justly says of him, “ Truly, with regard to the most important 
conditions (the earliest stages), Nitschc’s statements also leave 
us in the lurch.” 
Probably, therefore, in my investigation of 1875, I saw 
rightly that a cell-material from the interior of the Loxosoma 
is employed in forming the bud, and must have been the more 
induced to assume an egg-development because a formation of 
germ-layers takes place such as had previously been ob¬ 
served only in the egg. Upon this circumstance my collabo- 
rateurs have not laid the emphasis that it deserves. We have 
to do either with an exceedingly remarkable inheritance and 
transfer from the egg-development to the bud-development, or 
with a convergence the mechanical causes of which must pro¬ 
bably also throw light upon the process of true germ-layer 
formation. 
Hatschek shows that in the larva of Pedicellina the foun¬ 
dation of the bud is thus produced : from the three germ- 
layers of the larva the materials of the germ-layers of the 
bud are in contact. There are divisions in which no germ- 
layer oversteps its own sphere ; the resemblance to egg- 
development is not very close. Hatschek is inclined to suppose 
that something of the same kind occurs in Loxosoma , namely 
a so-called u primary bud ” in the larva and bud, in the 
formation of which all the germ-layers take part. But this 
comparison cannot be carried out. The primary bud in Loxc- 
soma is represented by the bud-stock, which originates solely 
from the mesoderm, and in this respect agrees with the true 
generative organs. The agreement of the gemmation with 
sexual reproduction, however, possibly goes much further, and 
approaches parthenogenesis if only one cell of the bud-stock 
is employed for each bud. If this were the case, which can 
be decided only by continued investigations, we should also 
have an explanation of the formation of germ-layers in gem¬ 
mation. 
Hatschek’s hypothesis as to all the body-layers taking part in 
constituting the bud of Loxosoma springs from the desire to es¬ 
tablish as completely as possible the homology with Pedicellina. 
At the same time Loxosoma appears, both to him and to other 
observers, to be the lowest type among the Entoprocta. For 
this very reason we may the more readily drop the first, un¬ 
tenable part of the hypothesis. 
As regards the position of the bud in relation to the parent 
animal, 1 have expressed myself quite definitely. I say ( loc . 
cit. p. 7) that the bud grows out perpendicularly to the longi- 
