405 
Genus and Species of Itenierid Sponge. 
pressed nodulose finger-like branches (PL XXX. fig. 1). 
Branches bifurcating near their extremities, uniting where 
grown in contact, terminated by smooth ends, or more usually 
by the frayed ends of the skeletal fibres. Surface smooth on 
the outer or convex side, irregularly embossed with gently 
rounded eminences; on the inner or concave side irregularly 
wrinkled concentrically with the base. Oscules and pores in¬ 
conspicuous. 
Skeleton consists of (1) an internal and dermal network of 
spicular fibres, and (2) of dispersed flesh-spicules. Fibres of 
the internal network chiefly following a longitudinal direction, 
radiating upwards and outwards, to end against the surface of 
the sponge in the dermal layer; composed of spicules of one 
kind, viz. slender, straight or slightly curved acerates, more 
or less sharply pointed, 00117 inch long and 0*00035 inch in 
breadth (PI. XXX. figs. 5, 6, 8), lying together side by side in 
an axial direction, with overlapping ends, somewhat like the 
woody cells of a flax fibre (PI. XXX. fig. 3). Dermal network 
formed by the arching over and joining together of the ends 
of the internal fibres into a superficial reticulation, which 
supports on its exterior face a layer of erect pencils of spicules 
(PI. XXX. fig. 4). The spicular pencils, being given off from 
the underlying fibres, are arranged in rows, which follow ap¬ 
proximately the form of the network below (PI. XXX. fig. 2). 
[Spicules of the superficial pencils of the same form as those 
of the internal fibre, but most of them much smaller (fig. 7). 
Meshes of the dermal network very minute, very slightly 
larger on the inner than on the outer face of the sponge. 
Meshes of the interior network coated with the dried sarcode 
of the sponge, in which are dispersed irregularly straight or 
once- or twice-curved filiform flesh-spicules, 0*008 inch long, 
and only just showing a double outline under a magnification 
of 435 diameters (fig. 9). 
Hob. Marine. 
Loc. Jamaica. 
Coll. Bristol Museum. 
Obs. This sponge was presented by Mr. Whereat to the 
Bristol Museum, where I found it labelled Lobularia manus- 
diaboli. In general appearance it bears a somewhat striking 
resemblance to a hand affected by gout, so that the specific 
name u manus-diaboli ” might be considered not inappro¬ 
priate ; but as it is too long for convenient use, 1 have replaced 
it by “ zingiberis ,” in allusion to the ginger-like form of the 
branches. 
The ends of the branches are seldom neatly rounded off 
and covered over with the dermal layer ; on the contrary they 
