408 Mr. H. J. Carter on Foraminifera. 
lar sarcode capable, in the living state, of extending itself by 
filaments uniting more or less with each other into a network, 
through which progression was effected, and that, with refe¬ 
rence to reproduction, the sarcode in some cases presented 
globular masses like the green matter in Zygnema. 
In 1840 Ehrenberg added the presence of a horny, brown- 
yellowish mass in each segment of the sarcode but the last, 
together with the frustules of Diatomacese which had been 
drawn in by the pseudopodia (filamentous prolongations) for 
nourishment*. 
In 1854 Max Schultze (in the finest work, both for text and 
illustrations, that has ever been or is ever likely to be pub¬ 
lished on the subject , 1 Organismus der Polythalamien’) noticed 
coloured and fatty globules in the sarcode, together with 
spherules of different sizes more or less charged with mole¬ 
cules, and presenting in the aggregate a dark colour. 
In 1861 I pointed out, by illustration and description, that 
these spherules of different sizes might be seen in the channels 
of the “canal-system,” as well as in the “chambers,” and, 
therefore, that they were probably discharged in this way ; 
also that each spherule possessed a circumferential, transparent 
zone round the internal contents, which thus appeared like a 
capsule. All this was seen not only in recent Operculina 
arabica , but also in fossil nummulites &c. infiltrated with red 
oxide of iron (Ann. 1861, vol. viii. pp. 318 and 325 respec¬ 
tively, pi. xvii. figs. 12-15). 
Lastly, in 1876, Professors F. E. Schulze and R. Hertwig 
respectively demonstrated the nucleus, which, in a beautiful 
preparation of Polystomella striatopunctata kindly sent me by 
the former, appears only in the seventeenth segment from the 
commencement of a specimen consisting of thirty-eight, where 
it is filled with spherical utricles. 
All these discoveries together bring us to consider the 
position, in point of organization, of the Foraminifera to 
be much the same as that of Amoeba and Euglypha , 
figured in my illustrations of the “Infusoria of the Island 
of Bombay” (Ann. 1856, vol. xviii. p. 243, pi. v.), with the 
exception of the “ contracting vesicle,” which one day, under 
favourable circumstances, might also be seen in some of 
the Foraminifera composed only of a single chamber and 
* Extracted from a paper entitled “ On Foraminifera, their Organiza¬ 
tion and their Existence in a Fossilized State, in Arabia, Sindh, Kutch, 
and Khattyawar,” by H. J. Carter, Assist. Surgeon Bombay Establish¬ 
ment (Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1849, 
vol. iii. pt. 1, p. 158). My attention to the sponges was commenced 
about the same time, as may be seen by my publications in the ‘Annals,’ 
and both have gone on, hand in hand, up to the present day. 
