Mr. II. J. Carter on Foraminifera. 
411 
Tinoporus (Gypsina ), but Planorbulina vulgaris (Recent 
Brit. Foraminifera, by Williamson, pi. v. figs. 119 and 120), 
as indicated not only by the general character of the speci¬ 
mens, but also, where not much broken, especially by the pre¬ 
sence of the u aperture ” in the cells respectively, which, as I 
have just stated, does not exist in Tinoporus lcevis } olim Orbito- 
hna Icevis , Park, and Jones, = Tinoporus vesicular is } Carp., = 
Gypsina vesicularis , Carp., apud Carter, i. e. Gypsina. 
Apically-branched Forms of Foraminifera. 
Of these we know three kinds, viz. Polytrema , Carpentaria , 
and Squamulina scopula , var. ramosa. All present the pecu¬ 
liarity of having no canal-system separate from the tubulation, 
which, containing the great bulk of the sarcode, extends in¬ 
wards from the apertural openings respectively. 
In Polytrema this tubulation is dendriform, and extends 
inwards from a plurality of apertures more or less situated 
and grouped together at the ends of short processes or of 
compressed branches ( Polytrema miniaceum , var. alcicorne , 
MS., C.), by becoming subdivided, to the confines of a mass 
of cells heaped together (acervuline)—also outwardly, be¬ 
coming equally divided at the apertural ends when extended 
during lifetime into the usual kind of filamentous prolonga¬ 
tion ; so that the sarcodic mass is then branched in both 
directions. 
In Carpenteria , of which I have indicated three species by 
the characters of their tests respectively, the chambers repre¬ 
sent so many poriferous sacs thrown together into a conical 
heap spirally upon each other, so that their apertures respec¬ 
tively and successively open centrally into a kind of columella 
terminating for the most part in a single apical tube, which, 
dividing at first dichotomously and then polychotomously, at 
last represents a little dendriform bush on the summit—the 
wall of those branches where the calcareous material fails 
(which is often the case either naturally or from accidental 
fracture) being supplied by foreign material, viz. sand 
grains, sponge-spicules entire and fragmentary, &c. ce¬ 
mented together by a chitinous substance ; so that here the 
sarcodic mass, which arises from a combination, not of den¬ 
driform branches as in Polytrema , but of simple stoloniferous 
prolongations from the respective chambers, is prolonged, 
again not as in Polytrema , nakedly, but through an almost 
infinite division of tubulation already prepared for it; and 
this being common to all three species, their specific dis¬ 
tinctions must be sought for in the tests. Hence Prof. 
Mobius’s name of Carpenteria rhapliiodendron , which forms 
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