414 
Mr. H. J. Carter on Foraminifera. 
covery ” and “ The most ])erfect sponge,” apparently in M. 
Tumanowicz’s handwriting. After this, Dr. Bowerbank, in 
1866,. published it among his British sponges, under the name 
above mentioned, as “ the smallest known British sponge ” 
(vol. i. fig. 359, vol. ii. p. 76). Wishing, therefore, to destroy 
all trace of this “important error,” I, in 1870, changed the 
name to Squamulina scopula , and by my descriptions and 
illustrations, as I thought, made it equally clear to the spon- 
gologist as well as the foraminiferalist that this organism 
belonged to the latter. Nevertheless, in April 1878, the Rev. 
A. M. Norman, as above stated, reverted to the old doctrine, 
and, repeating the “ important error,” made Haliphysema a 
new order of sponges under the name of “ Psammoteichina.” 
But in the month of July following, Mr. Saville Kent having- 
studied the living animal in the “ Channel Islands,” finally 
published (Ann. 1878, vol. ii. p. 68, pis. iv. and v.) his 
descriptions and illustrations, wherein it is stated (l. c. p. 72), 
“ The foraminiferal nature of the organism (viz. Haliphysema) 
and the accuracy of Mr. Carter’s first deductions relating 
thereto were now therefore established beyond dispute.” It 
is necessary also to add that the species which I gave to my 
friend Mr. Norman and that studied by Mr. Kent is the 
same. 
Ilotalia spiculotesta , Cart. 
Ilotalia spiculotesta, Cart. Ann. 1877, vol. xx. p. 470, pi. xvi. 
Lastly, I have to advert to the composition of the test of 
Piotalia spiculotesta, in order to point out the great resemblance 
that exists between its spicular bodies and the scales of Eugly- 
pha alveolata &c. among the freshwater Rhizopoda, inasmuch 
as the “ scale,” like the spicular body, is formed by the 
animal itself and subsequently cemented together by chitinous 
substance to form the test—thus differing from the tests of the 
other Rhizopoda to which I have above alluded (where the 
particles ar e foreign and all of the same size) in being propor¬ 
tioned in size to that of the chamber which they respectively 
cover. 
Moreover it was pleasant to me, as I had only seen one 
specimen and with great labour could not find, another, to 
learn from Dr. H. B. Brady’s letter of November last that, 
while working over some of the late Mr. M‘Andrew’s dredg¬ 
ings from the Red Sea, he had found “ four fine specimens ” 
of Ilotalia spiculotesta , and that by testing one with a number 
of reagents he had found the “ spicula ” to be “ calcareous.” 
Budleigh-Salterton, 
April 10,1879. 
