M. K. A. Zittel on Fossil Calcisjwrigur. 63 



described as early as 1821 by Lamouroux, who named it in 

 honour of M. Eudes-Deslongchamps. Michclin (Ic. pi. lviii. 

 fig. 8) gives a new and excellent figure of the same species, 

 but, curiously enough, regards the characteristic smooth epi- 

 dermis of the surface as a foreign parasitic body, for which 

 lie retains the name of Eudea, whilst its supposed support is 

 described as Scyphia clavarioides or cymosa. 



D'Qrbigny restores Michelin's Eudea cribraria to Lamou- 

 roux's species, but applies the name of Eudea to a great number 

 of cylindrical sponges with well-developed canal-systems. 



Fromentel finally, in opposition to all the rules of termino- 

 logy, retains the name of Eudea for a great part of the forms 

 referred by D'Qrbigny to Lamouroux's genus, and gives the 

 typical species (E. clavata, Lamx., =Eudea cribraria, Mich.) 

 a new generic name, Epeudea (or Ependea). Subsequently 

 Fromentel established a distinct genus Stegendea (more cor- 

 rectly Steg eudea) for the branched forms. 



Pomel, indeed, reverts to Lamouroux's conception, but esta- 

 blishes the superfluous genera Elasmeudea and Solenolmia. 



By Quenstedt the Upper- Jurassic species were described in 

 his earlier works as Spongites, but in the 'Petrefactenkunde 

 Deutschlands ' under the generic name Orispongia. 



Several species of Eudea occur in the Alpine Trias; but the 

 genus has its principal distribution in the Upper Jura. Here 

 .the specimens are frequently silicified, sometimes at the sur- 

 face, sometimes throughout. 



1. Scyphia Manon, Mtinst. Beitr. iv. pi. i. fig. 15. Trias, 

 St. Cassian. 



2. Scyphia polymorpha, Klipst. CEstl. Alp. Taf. xix. fig. 12. 

 St. Cassian. 



Yerrucosponqia poh/morpha, Laube, Fauna von St. Cass. Taf. i. 

 fig. 12. 



3. ? Epeudea pusilla, Laube, /. c. Taf. i. fig. 1. St. Cassian. 



4. Eudea clavata, Lamx. Exp. Meth. pi. lxxiv. figs. 1-4. 

 Bathonian. 



Eudea cribraria, Mich. Ic. pi. lviii. fig. 8. 



5. Spongites perforatus, Quenst. Jura, Taf. lxxxiv. figs. 2G, 

 27. Upper Jurassic. 



Orispongia perforata, Quenst. Petref. Bd. v. Taf. cxxiv. figs. 22-28. 



6. Orispongia globata, Quenst. /. c. Taf. cxxiv. figs. 29- 

 34. Upper Jura. 



Marion peziza p. p., Goldf. Taf. xxxiv. fig. 8, a. 



7. Orispongia pisum, Quenst. /. c. Taf. cxxiv. figs. 35,30. 



8. Epeudea macropora, From. Pol. Cor. de Gray, pi. xv. 

 fig. 2. Coral Rag. 



