M. K. A. Zittel on Fossil Calcispongiaj. 69 



Middle Cretaceous. The defective state of preservation, 

 however, presents insuperable obstacles to a systematic em- 

 ployment of the forms of spicules in the fossil Calcispongiae. 



The following species may be mentioned as examples of 

 the genus Peronella : — 



a. From the Devonian. 



1. Scyphia conoidea, Goldf. Taf. ii. fig. 4. 



2. Scyphia constricta, Sandb. Verst. Rhein. Uebergangsgeb. 

 Taf. xxxvii. fig. 10. 



Scyphia turbinata, Lonsd. non Goldf. 



b. From the Trias. 



1. Peronella Loretsi, Zitt. Seeland Alp near Schluderbach. 

 Siphonocaslia, sp. n., Loretz, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 1875, 



p. 838. 



2. Scyphia subcaispitosa, Miinst. Beitr. iv. Taf. i. fig. 14. 



3. Scyphia caminensis, Beyr. in Eck. Ueber die Formation 

 des Bunter Sandst. und Muschelk. in Oberschles. Taf. i. fig. 2. 



c. From the Dogger. 



1. Spongia cymosa, Lamx. Exp. Meth, pi. lxxxiv. fig. 7. 

 Scyphia cymosa, Mich. Ic. pi. lviii. fig. 3. 



2. Spongia pistil liformis, Lamx. ib. pi. lxxxiv. fig. 5 ; 

 Mich. Ic. pi. lviii. fig. 4. 



3. Spongia mamillifera, Lamx. ib. pi. lxxxiv. fig. 11. 



4. Spongia clavarioides, Lamx. ib. pi. lxxxiv. figs. 8-10. 



5. Tragos tuberosum, Goldf. Taf. xxx. fig. 4. 

 Spongites mamillatus, Querist. Petr. Taf. cxxxi. figs. 37-39. 



6. Spongites fuscus , Quenst. ib. Taf. cxxxi. fig. 42. 



d. From the Malm. 



1. Scyphia cylindrica, Goldf. Taf. ii. fig. 3, and Taf. iii. 

 fig. 12. 



Scyphia eleyans, Goldf. Taf. ii. figs. 8 and 13. 



Scyphia cylindrical Quenst. ib. Taf. cxxiii. figs. 6, 7, 9-15. 



2. Pareudeajurassica, Etal. Et. Pal. Haut-Jura ; Monogr. 

 de Y6t. Corall. p. 142 ; and Sur la Classif. des Spongit. 

 fig. 14. 



3. Pareudea mosensis, Etal. ib. p. 144. 

 Scyphia f areata, Mich. Ic. pi. xxvi. fig. 3. 



4. Spongia Jloriceps, Phill. Geol. Yorksh. iii. fig. 8. 



5. Scyphia radiciformis, Goldf. Taf. iii. fig. 11. 

 Radicispongia radiciformis, Quenst. Petr. Taf. cxxiii. figs. 15-26. 



