130 M. K. A. Zittel on Fossil Calcispongioz. 



7. Manon capitatum, Goldf. Taf. i. fig. 4. 



8. Manon tubutiferwn, Goldf. Taf. i. fig. 5. 



Crispispongia, Quenstedt. 



Manon p. p., Goldf. 

 Conispongia , Etal., Pom. 

 Crispispongia p. p. Querist. 

 Verrucospongia p. p., Laube. 



Sponge nodular, polymorphic, sometimes consisting of thick, 

 contorted, and amalgamated leaves, usually adherent by a 

 broad base to foreign bodies. Whole surface, or only the 

 vertex, coated with a dense, smooth dermal layer, in which 

 there are rather large, round or distorted, frequently margined 

 oscula ; these are either quite shallow or sunk into the sponge- 

 mass in the form of a funnel, often furnished with canal-ostia 

 at the bottom. The skeleton consists of coarse anastomosing 

 fibres. Canal-system indistinctly developed. 



Goldfuss admirably figured two species of the present genus 

 under the name of Manon peziza, on Taf. xxxiv. fig. 8, a, b. 

 Etallon (Classif. Spong. du Haut-Jura, p. 149) subsequently 

 established the genus Conispongia for a conical species from 

 the Coral Rag of Valfin ; but as this name is quite inappli- 

 cable to all the other species, I have adopted the designation 

 Crispispongia proposed by Quenstedt, but confine this name 

 to the forms indicated below. 



I am acquainted with a still undescribed species from the 

 Trias of St. Cassian (like Verrucospongia crassa, Laube, 

 Taf. i. fig. 13) ; all the rest occur in the Upper Jura. 



1. Crispispongia pezizoides , Zitt. 

 Manon peziza p. p., Goldf. Taf. xxiv. fig. 8, a. 



2. Crispispongia eapansa, Quenst. Petr. Taf. exxiv. figs. 

 38-47. 



3. Conispongia Thurmanni, Etal. Actes Soc. Jur. d'Emul. 

 1860, p. 149, fig. 16. 



Elasmostoma, Fromentel. 



Tragos p. p., Manon p. p., Spongia p. p., auctt. 



JElasmostoma, Porostoma p. p., Chenendroscyphia p. p., From. 



Tragos p.p., Chenendopora p.p., Elasmostoma, Cnpulospongia p.p., 



Roni. 

 Elasmostoma, Trachypenia, Coniatopenia, Pom. 



Sponge usually consisting of a rather thin, curved leaf, but 

 sometimes funnel-shaped or cup-shaped. One surface with a 

 smooth dermal layer, in which are very shallow oscula of a 

 roundish or irregular form. Opposite surface naked, porous. 

 Canal-system wanting. 



