On Specimens dredged upfront the Gulf of Manaar. 35 



nule-like, round, smooth scales, not imbricate ; " while C. 

 marmoreus is again placed in the genus Tonicia of Gray, 

 which is described as having the " mantle simple, horny, 

 naked, smooth, or glabrous." C. mediterraneus, Gray (pro- 

 bably meant for G. siculus, Gray,= C olivaceus, Spengler), 

 is placed in both the genera Lepidopleurus of Risso and 

 Leptochiton. C. Hanlegi, Bean,= C. mendicarius, Mighels, 

 has the same kind of sculpture as C. scabridus, and belongs 

 to the genus Ghattopleura of Shuttle worth. 



I may mention that C. cancellatus was sent me by the late 

 Professor Sars as his G. alveolus ; but the latter, as since 

 described and figured by his no less eminent son, is a different 

 species. 



VIII. — Report on Specimens dredged up from the Gulf of 

 Manaar and presented to the Liverpool Free Museum by 

 Capt. W. H. Cawne Warren. By H. J. Carter, F.R.S. 

 &c. 



["Continued from vol. v. p. 457.] 



[Plates IV.-VL] 



SPONGIDA. 



The descriptions of the Spongida found in and about the 

 Melobesian nodules from the Gulf of Manaar will, so far as 

 they go, be arranged after the classification proposed in my 

 " Notes," &c. (< Annals,' 1875, vol. xvi. p. 128 et seq.) ; so 

 to this I must refer the reader for the characters of the orders 

 &c. respectively. 



In the measurement of the spicules it should be remembered 

 that their form is of much more consequence than their dimen- 

 sions, as the latter may vary : — 1st, in different specimens ; 

 2nd, in the same specimens (as they present themselves under 

 all degrees of development) ; and 3rd, in the same species, 

 where the average largest vary in proportion to their stoutness, 

 the stoutest being the shortest, and vice versa. My measure- 

 ments are taken from the average largest of the specimens, as 

 these may be assumed to represent the ultimate size, and will 

 be given in parts of an inch, for the purpose of conveying an 

 idea of the relative rather than the real size of the spicules ; 

 while, to avoid repetition, it may be stated here, once for all, 

 that, unless otherwise mentioned, they will refer to the greatest 

 diameters of the object. It should not be forgotten that all 

 the specimens are dry. 



