ITS EXTENT AND ITS MARINE FAUNA. 25 



and in 1857 at Eoker [A. Hancock].* Soon after this it was 

 found to have made its way southwards to Hartlepool. Next 

 it reached Scarborough and its neighbourhood, and for physical 

 reasons which will presently be stated it may be supposed 

 that this will prove to be about its southern limit. It is an 

 interesting fact that the first person who found this limpet 

 on the Northumberland coast was the famous Grace Darling. 

 A miscellaneous, child-like collection of single valves and dead 

 shells collected by her was some years ago brought to the 

 Newcastle Museum. Among these shells was an example of 

 Acmcea testudinalis. 



Strong confirmatory evidence is to be found in what appears 

 to be the southern migration down the east coasts of Scotland 

 and England of vast shoals of oceanic Crustacea. In 1866 

 Thomas Edward published a paper entitled " On the Habits of 

 the Hyperiadse." t Having procured some common herring, 

 immense shoals of which were then off the coast, but which he 

 says only seldom occurred, he examined their stomachs and found 

 them to be filled with a small Crustacean, Euthemisto compressa, 

 of which he found 59 in one stomach, 47 in another, and 33 in 

 a third, and all the others more or less crammed. He then 

 proceeds — " Now if all the herrings composing these shoals had 

 been as well svipplied as those I dissected (and we cannot tell that 

 they were not), how amazing must have been the number of the 

 Crustacea. It is likewise worthy to remark that these herrings 

 were taken at from 4 to 5 miles from laud or perhaps more. 

 Again, I have also seen them cast on the shore during gales 

 from the north " (Banff lies on the south side of the Moray 

 Firth) " in most enormous and incalculable numbers. On 

 one occasion and for some distance our rock-pools were literally 

 one living mass of them. But if I was astonished at this, 

 what was my surprise on reaching the sands which run 

 continuous to the rocks alluded to at beholding a ridge or wall 

 of these animals extending more than 100 feet in length, and 

 varying from one to two inches in height and breadth, which had 

 been washed up from the sea ! And instead of lessening, each 

 succeeding wave only added thousands upon thousands to the 

 general wreck." On another occasion a still larger portion of 

 sand was strewed with these animals. 



In 1868 Mr. Greorge Sim, writing in May, told me that 

 " certain Schizopod Crustacea had been cast on the beach in 



* ' Trans. Tyneside Nat. Field Club,' vol. iv, p. 68, and vol. v, pp. 59 and 62. 

 t ' Proc. Linn. Soc ,' vol. ix, 1867, p. 166. 



