Viscount Walden on a neio Species ofTImalia. 61 



and which contains twenty-one such gemmules as the two 

 represented — fourteen of the small and more simple ones, and 

 seven of the so-called monstrosities ; and I shall at any time 

 be happy to show the originals of the figures to Mr. Carter, 

 and to convince him that all that is monstrous in the matter is 

 in his own imagination. Having had ample opportunity of 

 verifying the correctness of the figures under consideration by 

 access to the specimens in the British Museum, and having 

 failed in this part of his researches, it is evident that he has 

 much more to learn of the anatomy of the sponges under con- 

 sideration before he will be master of his subjects. What we 

 want in the investigation of such matters is careful minute 

 observations and faithful figures and records of their structure, 

 and not abstruse hypothetical imaginations illustrated by dia- 

 grams of dots and lines. And I think I may venture to pre- 

 dict that no naturalist will hereafter be able, by Mr. Carter's 

 descriptions or his illustrations, to recognize either his Tethya 

 antarctica or Tethya zetlandica. 



I must acknowledge that I have not yet been able to realize 

 Mr. Carter's idea that a sponge is a compound creature, and 

 that every cilium with its basal cell is a separate or distinct 

 animal. It is a step beyond my comprehension ; for if it be 

 so in sponges, why not also in human beings ? from one of 

 whom I have seen the cilia living and in motion. The late 

 Professor Liston, of University College, many years ago had 

 a patient in the University Hospital with polypus in his 

 nose ; and he invited me to come up one morning, and pro- 

 mised to show me the human cilia in motion on a small piece 

 of the polypus from the nose of the man. I went, and had 

 the satisfaction of seeing them, in rather languid motion, in 

 some of their own fluid, in a cell slightly warmed by having 

 been put into warm water and then placed beneath the micro- 

 scope. The aerating surfaces of a great variety of animals, 

 beside sponges, are abundantly supplied with cilia and ciliated 

 cells ; are we to regard all these as compound animals ? 



IX. — On a new Species o/Timalia^OTW Eastern India, 

 By Arthur Viscount Walden, P.Z.S., F.R.S. 



Timalia Jerdonij n. sp. 



Timalia pileata, Horsf. ap, Jerdon, B. of Ind. ii. p. 24, nee Horsf. 



A narrow frontal band extending over the eyes, the cheeks, 

 chin, and throat white ; forehead and crown deep chestnut ; 

 remainder of upper surface dark olive-grey ; quills and rec- 



