Prof. A. Macalister on the Anatomy of the Derriah. 65 



The foot-interossei are as follows : — three plantar, an ad- 

 ductor hallucis, an adductor indicis, and adductor quinti digiti. 

 The dorsals are : — abductor indicis with only one head from 

 the second metatarsal bone, an abductor medii digiti with two 

 heads, an adductor medii digiti, an abductor annularis. 



The masseter is very large ; and so is the temporal ; the 

 entire muscular mass for the closure of the jaws is over twelve 

 ounces in weight — that is, equal to the entire quadriceps ex- 

 tensor cruris. 



This animal is a native of Abyssinia, and, under the name 

 of Hepi and Thoth, figured largely in the Egyptian mytho- 

 logy ; but this part of its history has been very thoroughly 

 elucidated by Ehrenberg in his paper " Ueber den Cynocephalus 

 der Aegyptier, nebst einigen Betrachtungen iiber die agyp- 

 tisclie Mythe der Thot und Sphinx vom naturhistorische 

 Standpunkt," in the ^ Abhandlungen ' of the Berlin Academy 

 for 1833 (Physikal. Klasse, p. 337). Mr. Ogilby, however, 

 has combated this opinion, and supposes that another species, 

 which he names Cynocephalus Thoth^ is the sacred animal of 

 Hermapolis (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 10). However, it is 

 unquestionable that the figures of the animal in Lcpsius, 

 E-ossellini, and on (7awo^^ and Scaraboii, &c., in the Dublin 

 University Museum, are exceedingly good representations of 

 the Hamadryad. 



The literature of the anatomy of Cynocephali and their 

 allies is not extensive : the best papers on the subject are those 

 by Pagenstecher (Drill, ' Zoologischer Garten,' 1867, p. 128), 

 and Champneys (Anubis, ' Journal of Anat.' 1871, p. 176). In 

 comparing the latter paper with my description, the following 

 points may be noticed in which the Anubis and Hamadryad 

 are dissimilar : — The trachelo-acromial is attached to the occi- 

 put in the Anubis, while it is not in the Hamadryad ; the lesser 

 pectoral was not separate in the Anubis, and the insertion of 

 its representative was along the bicipital groove, not into the 

 semivagina of the shoulder-joint ; the rhomboids were separa- 

 ble in the Anubis, not in the Hamadryad; the arrangement of the 

 serratus magnus, described by Champneys in the Anubis, 

 was very dissimilar to what is described above ; the extensor 

 carpi ulnaris had an origin from the ulna in the Hamadryad, but 

 not in the Anubis ; the abductor pollicis major had a sesamoid 

 cartilage in the Anubis (1. c. p. 184), no such thing existed in 

 the Hamadryad ; the iliacus is simple in the Hamadryad, not 

 in the Anubis ; plantaris was perfectly separate in the Hama- 

 dryad, but not so in the Anubis ; Champneys's peronseus 

 tertii in the Anubis is really, as he suggests, a quinti, as also 

 is the so-called tertii of Church. 



Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 4. Vol. x. 5 



