from the Philippine Islands. Ill 



open into it. Spicules of ten kinds, viz. : — 1st, of the root : 

 a, long, smooth, large, ends pointed above, broken off below ; 

 J, long, spined, small, ends pointed and smooth above, anchor- 

 shaped below ; spines recurved, alternate, ceasing just before 

 thej arrive at the lower extremity, which is two-armed, 

 opposite. 2nd, of the ridges or vent-areas : c, nail-like, head con- 

 sisting of four short arms extended horizontally and at or nearly 

 at right angles to each other, situated on a long vertical shaft ; 

 f?, thin, straight, acerate, fusiform-spined, situated in bundles 

 round and projecting beyond the former ; spines directed in- 

 wards, almost vertical and recurved at first, becoming afterwards 

 nearly parallel with the shaft; e, anchor-headed ("birotulate"), 

 large, with straight tubercled shaft and eight arms at each 

 end, equally long, directed towards the middle of the shaft and 

 arranged at equal distances (somewhat spreading) from each 

 other around each end, very numerous, and bespangling the 

 surface of the vent-arese with the outermost head ; /, crucial- 

 headed, with long spined shaft ; arms of the head short, 

 one or two blunt-spined, abruptly ended, slightly curved 

 in opposite directions (/. e. slightly sigmoid) ; shaft densely 

 armed a little below the head with long, stout, recurved spines 

 on all sides, bottle-brush-like ; in great numbers round the 

 vents, with their heads applied to the horizontal arms of c, 

 and their spined shafts projecting outwards so as to form a 

 fringe round the vents, capable of thus closing them when 

 required ; g, anchor-headed, minute, resembling a miniature 

 form of e, charging the sarcode in great numbers round the 

 arms of c, and, indeed, everywhere; h, hexaradiate, minute, 

 each arm bearing a few long spines towards its extremity, 

 the rest smooth ; numerous in the sarcode, and characteristic 

 of the species ; z*, acerate, fusiform, minute, bearing four large 

 spines opposite and nearly vertical in the centre, and a few 

 others sparsely scattered over the rest of the shaft, chiefly to- 

 wards the ends, numerous and characteristic. 3rd, of the 

 pore-area : ^', like c, but with longer horizontal arms and 

 shorter vertical shaft; /, like y, but with shorter shaft; m^ 

 the same as e, but not so abundant as in the vent-area; n, 

 like y, but more plentiful here. Spicule of the tufts at the 

 apex spined towards the free end, with the spines directed out- 

 wards. Spicules of the internal structure a mixture of those 

 above described, with the arms of the crucial-headed one 

 greatly extended. 



Size of specimen : total length 18 inches. From the apex to 

 the commencement of the root-spicules 15 inches ; root-spicules 

 3 inches (probably six or more if the whole were present 

 entire and extended, instead of being wrapt up in a bunch as 



9* 



