132 Prof. A. Macalifstcr on the Muscuhir Anatomy 



The sartorius is wiclc^ and inserted into the inner side of the 

 patella, as well as into the knee-capsule and tibia. Thepecti- 

 neus is double at its insertion, but has a single origin. The 

 adductor longus is inserted posterior and superior to the pecti- 

 iieus, and is very small, but attached to the marsupial bone, as 

 Prof. Owen observes. The rest of the adductor mass exhibits 

 a faint division into the three usual elements, the condyloid 

 and the anterior and posterior strata of magnus. Quadratus 

 femoris has a narrow ischiatic and a very wide femoral attach- 

 ment occupying the upper sixth of the femur ; it is, however, 

 with great difficulty separated from the adductor onagmis. 



The gluteus maximus is bilaminar, the sacral part over- 

 lapping the coccygeal ; its insertion is into the whole length 

 of the linea aspera. The gluteus medius is bilaminar, and the 

 j)yrifoTmis is perfectly separate, arising from the front surface 

 of three vertebras ; over this muscle passes the sciatic nerve. 

 Gluteus minimus arises from the acetabular margin and from 

 the surface behind it, as well as from the anterior margin of the 

 ilium. I could separate no tensor vagime femoris. 



Rectus femoris had but a single head ; and the other ele- 

 ments in the extensor mass formed but one continuous belly, 

 in which the vastus externus portion is by far the largest 

 factor. The hamstrings are the usual three ; and none of them 

 exhibits a trace of a tendinous inscription. Biceps has a narrow 

 tendon of origin 1"*25 in length from the sacrum, which is tied 

 down to and parallel with the great sciatic ligament ; the in- 

 sertion is wide and fleshy. The proportionate development of 

 these muscles is as follows: — rectus=l, biceps=l, se7ni- 

 menihranosus = l'4i5, semtte7idinosus^0'80, rest of the quadri- 

 ceps extensor = 'iVb^. Thus the flexors : extensors :: 1'87 oz. 

 : 2"11 oz. (I have included the gracilis with the flexors ; it 

 has a pubic origin and a slender insertion, and equals ihasemi- 

 tendinosus in weight.) 



T\\Q. popliteus muscle arises from the fibula alone, and is in- 

 serted into the tibia close to the tibialis jwsticus. 



The outer head of the gastrocnemius has a sesamoid bone in 

 its tendon of origin ; the imier head, Avhich is only half its size, 

 has no such bone. Flantaris arises from the sesamoid bone, 

 inse])arable from the outer head, and does not become distin- 

 guishable mitil about the lower third of the leg ; its tendon is 

 inserted into the fascia of the foot on the inner side of the heel. 

 We could not separate any soheus from the gastrocnemius 

 externus. 



The common flexor of the toes had an origin mainly iil)ular, 

 and sent off five tendons, those of the second and third toes 

 being closely joined for the longest portion of their extent. 



