Dr. C. J. F. Major on Fossil Quadrumana. 155 



the differences between the two bones in details of form were 

 only appreciable by means of compasses*. 



The second document attesting the presence of monkeys in 

 the Sewalik Hills is a right upper jaw found soon afterwards 

 by Baker and Durand near the Sutlej. According to these 

 authors it presents analogies with the genera Macacus and Gy- 

 noceplialus^ but still more with Semnojiithecus ; but it indicates 

 an animal of the size of the orang [PitJiecus satyrus), far larger 

 than tlie Semnopitheci^ . 



It is further to the researches of Falconer and Cautley that 

 we owe the knowledge of three other Quadrumana from the 

 same strata — namely, the upper jaw of a species allied to, but 

 larger than 8emnopithecus entellus\, two fragments of the 

 lower jaw of a species allied to Macacus rhesus^, and, lastly, 

 the extra-alveolar portion of a left upper canine, indicating a 

 species allied to the orang ||. 



On the 16th of January, 1837, Lartet communicated to the 

 Academy of Sciences of Paris the discovery made by him, in 

 December 1836, in the Miocene freshwater deposit at Sansan, 

 of a quadrumane which he at first united with the living genus 

 Hylohates, but which he subsequently named Pliopithecus 

 antiquus^ adopting the opinion already pronounced by Is. 

 Geoffroy and M. Gervais^f. 



An allied species was found about ten years ago in the 

 upper freshwater Molasse at Elgg {in the canton of Zurich) . 

 It is a very fine upper jaw, whilst from Sansan we know only 

 the lower jaw : it has been described by M. Biedermann** and 

 by M. Heerft ,* and the latter gives an excellent figure of it. 



* Cautley and Falconer, " Notice on the Remains of a Fossil JNIonkey 

 from the Tertiary Strata of the Sewalik Hills in the north of Hindustan " 

 (dated November 24, 1836, read June 14, 1837), Trans. Geol. Soc. Lond. 

 2ud ser. vol. v. p. 499. Reprinted in Falconer's Palseont. Mem. vol. i. 

 p. 292, figs. 6-9 (p. 294). 



t Baker and Durand, "Sub-Himalaj'an Fossil Remains of the Dadoopoor 

 Collection," Journ. Asiatic Soc. Nov. 1836, voL v. p. 739. Reprinted in 

 Falconer's Palisont. Mem. vol. i. p. 298, pi. 24. figs. 1, 2. 



X Falconer and Cautley, " On additional Fossil Species of the order 

 Quadrumana from the Sewalik HiUs," Journ, Asiatic Society, May 1837, 

 vol. vi. p. 3.54. Reprinted in Falconer's Palseont. Mem. vol. i. pp. 300-307, 

 pi. 24. figs. 3, 4. 



§ Ibid. pL 24. figs. 5-8. 



II Ibid. fig. 11 (p. 304). Falconer "On additional Quadrumanous Re- 

 mains from the Tertiary Deposits of the Sewalik Hills," Palseont. Mem. 

 vol. i. pp. 307-309. 



1[ Lartet, ' Notice sur la colline de Sansan &:c.,' Audi, 1807 ; Comptes 

 Rendus, 18o6, tome xliii. pp. 219-223. For the complete literature of 

 this species see Gervais, Zool. et Paleontol. Fran^aises, edit. 2. p. 8. 



** Petrefacten aus der Umgegend von Winterthur, Heft ii. Die Braun- 

 kohlen von Elgg (Winterthur, 1863), p. 14. 



tt Die Urwelt der Schweiz (Zurich, 1865), pp. 418, 419, pi. 11. fig. 4. 



13* 



