Dr. C. J. F. Major on Fossil Quadrumana. 157 



Prof. Owen, on his part, is of opinion that the mode of suc- 

 cession of the teetli, as well as their conformation and relative 

 size, indicate the near affinity of Dryojyitheciis to the Pliojn- 

 tlieci and recent Gibbons, and that this is the only conclusion 

 we can justly draw from the examination of the fossils*. I 

 have before me the skull of a Macacus rhesus that I myself 

 prepared. The teeth of the second set are in their places, 

 whilst the last molar, although perfectly developed, had not 

 yet pierced the gum, nor even the bone completely. This- 

 mode of replacement, therefore, is by no means a proof of supe- 

 riority, the Macaques being very inferior to the anthropomor- 

 phous apes. 



The palajontologists of Wiirttemberg also cite Dryopithecus 

 Fontani from several localities in the Suabian Alps (Salmen- 

 dingen, Ebingen)t, in what M. Quenstedt calls the second 

 mammalian fauna of the siderolitic strata ; the isolated molars 

 found were at first taken for human teeth :[:. 



In his fine monograph of the Miocene fauna of Steinheim 

 in Wiirttemberg, which, like the preceding locality, presents 

 much analogy with Sansan, M. Fraas describes the remains, 

 of a quadrumane [l. c. pp. 150-153, pi, iv. fig. 1). He figures 

 the four posterior teeth of the left mandible, which belong,, 

 according to him, to a species of Colohus [G. grand(Bvus). 

 The Cololn, as is well known, are distinguished from the 

 Semnojntheci only by the want of a thumb on the anterior 

 limbs ; A. Wagner was even unwilling to separate them from 

 the latter genus §. M. Gervais also says of the Golobi^ in 

 comparing them with the Semnopitheci ^that " their teeth present 

 the same characters so nearly as to be mistaken "||. I cannot 

 but confirm these statements from two skulls (of C. guereza 

 and G. ursinus) which I have had the op})ortunity of com- 

 paring. The posterior appendix which M. Fraas describes as. 

 characteristic of the first and second true molars of the Golohi^ 

 occurs likewise in the unworn teeth of several Semnopitheci j, 

 and still better develo])ed in the Macaques, as well as on the 

 anterior side. The third lower molar of Golohus is described 

 by M. Fraas as furnished with a terminal bicuspid talon, which 

 resembles a third pair of ridges. In any case this division of 

 the terminal talon into two points could only be very shallow ; 



* Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. part xxvii. 1859, p. 18. 



t Fraas, " Die Fauna von Steinheim niit Rlicksicht auf die miocanen 

 Saugethier- und Vogelreste des Steinbeimer Beckens," Wiirtt. uatnrw. 

 Jabresliefte, .Jalirg. xxvi. (1870), pp. 145-30(3. 



X Quenstedt, 'Handb. derPetretacteukunde,'2te Aufl. (1865),p. 32, tig. L 



§ Scbreber's Saugetbiere, Suppleuieiitbaud, 5te Abtb. (1855), p. 35. 



II Hist. Nat. des Manmiiferes, 185-1, ]). 04. 



