160 Dr. C. J. F. Major on some Fossil 



passed in size the largest of the American monkeys now 

 living, the Mycetes^ with which it had some relations. Sub- 

 sequently the same naturalist discovered successively remains 

 belonging to two species of Jacchus [J. grandis^ J. aff. peni- 

 cillato)^ and to the genera CaUithrix and Cehus'^. 



I cannot say whether the two species of monkeys allied to 

 the genera Mycetes and Cebus that P. von Claussen has also 

 discovered in the Brazilian caves belong to the Protojn'thecus 

 and Cebus described by Lund. They are known to me only 

 by the short note of the former naturalist f- 



Summarizing the indications just given we get at the num- 

 ber, nineteen species, of fossil monkeys described in detail. 

 Of the two suborders of Primates^ the Lemuridge Jiave as yet 

 no representatives in the fossil fauna. Nevertheless the Eocene 

 genus Ccenopiihecus is to a certain extent intermediate between 

 the Lemuridge and the Simiadfe, combining at the same time 

 certain characters of two families of Simiadge {Arctopithecini 

 and Platyrrliini) . The first family of the Simiadge, that of 

 the Arctopithecini, is represented by the two species of Jacchus 

 from the limestone caves of Brazil. To the second, that of 

 the Platyrrliini, belong the other monkeys discovered in these 

 same caves, to the number of three, or perhaps of five species. 



All the other fossil remains belong to the family of the 

 Old-AVorld monkeys, the Catarrhini — the majority to the 

 Cynomorpha, represented by three or four species of Semnopi- 

 thecus, three species of MacacuSy and the Mesojnthecus of 

 Pikermi (which is, so to speak, intermediate between the other 

 two genera mentioned) §. Lastly, the Aiifhrojjomorpha are 

 represented by four species, three of Avhich belong to two 

 extinct genera allied to Hyhbates, whilst an animal very 

 similar to the Orang is indicated by a single canine. 



The following is the geographical distribution of the fossil 

 Quadrumana : — 



In South America, from five to seven species, belonging to 

 at least four genera, one of which is extinct : ProtojaithecuSy 

 JaccJmSy Cebusy Callithrix. 



In India (Sewalik Hills), four or five species, referable to 

 three living genera : Macacus, 8emnop)ithccuSj Pithecus satyrus. 



In Greece, one species of an extinct genus, Mesopithecus. 



* Lund, " Blik paa Brasiliens Dyreverdeu for sidste Jordomvpeltuing," 

 in Kongl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Naturv. og Math. Afhandl. 8-12 Deel, 

 Copenhagen, 1841-1845. 



t Neues Jahrbuch fiir Miner. Sec. Jahrg. 1845, p. 174. 



X See, for the subdivisions of the order Primates, Huxley, ' A Manual 

 of the Anatomy of Vertebrate Animals,' 1871. 



§ I have passed over Colohus grandavus, Fraas, the determination of 

 which appears to me still doubtful. 



