Monkeys found in Italy. 163 



age of these strata. Molars found by the Marqiiis Strozzi 

 himself near San Giovanni are referred by him to Mastodon 

 anyustidens, Cuv., and 31. jjyrenaicus, Lartet. If this deter- 

 inination is correct *, these two species incontestably indicate 

 the presence of Miocene deposits in the Val d'Arno ; and the 

 study of the flora, which we here pass over, led to the same 

 result. 3fast. anyustidens especially is eminently characteristic 

 of the middle Miocene of France, Switzerland, Southern 

 Germany^ and Austria, such as Sansan in the Pyrenees, 

 Kjipfnach in the ujDper freshwater Molasse of Switzerland, 

 Georgensgmund in Bavaria, Eibiswald in Styria, &c. It is 

 not, therefore, as M. Stohr thinks f, to the Eppelsheim deposit 

 that the blue marls in which these two species have been 

 found correspond ; at Eppelsheim only the M. lonyirostris, 

 Kaup (which belongs to the subgenus Tetralophodon) ^ has 

 ever been met with. 



The numerous remains of Mammalia bmied in the Val 

 d'Arno, in the beds superior to those just mentioned, are 

 referred to the Pliocene. Among those which have been 

 well determined we may cite, above all, three species of Rhi- 

 noceros. 



1. Rhinoceros etrusciis, Falc, is frequent in the upper Val 

 d'Arno, of which, according to Dr. Falconer, it characterizes 

 the lower beds|. In the preglacial forest-bed of Norfolk it 

 occurs, together with eighteen well-defined mammals, taking- 

 no account of others, the determination of which is not certain, 

 I will cite as examples : — Rhinoceros leptorhinus^ Cuv., Bos 

 primiyeniuSj Hippopotamus major j Elephas antiyuus^ Elephas 

 vneridionalis J Ursus arvernensisj two species of Cervus now 

 extinct, and Troyontherium Cuvieri^ besides six still living 

 species of mammals, namely Myyale moschata^ Talpa europoiaj 

 Cervus capreolus^ Cervus elaphus^ Arvicola amphibia^ and 

 Castor Jiber^. If Rhinoceros etruscus is really the same 

 species as R. Merckvij Jeeg., as Lartet || and Boyd DawkinsH 



* M. Cocchi does not mention these fossils in the enumeration which 

 he gives of the fossils of the Val d'Arno : — " L'liomo fossile nell' Italia 

 centrale," Memorie della Soc. Ital. di Sci. Nat. tonio ii. )io. 7, 18G7. At 

 p. 15 we read as follows : — " If Must, arvernensis probably did not share 

 our soil with other congeners, this was not the case with the elephant," 

 &c. 



t "Intomo ai Depositi di Lignite che si trovano in \n\ d'Arno superiore, 

 ed intorno alia loro posizione geologica," per Eniilio Stcihr (Aunuario della 

 Soc. dei Naturalisti in INIodena, anno v. 1870, p. 93). 



X PalfBontological Memoirs, vol. ii. p. 310. 



§ Boyd Dawkins, " On the Distribution of the British Postglacial 

 Mammals," Quart. Journ. Geol. Sot. vol. xxv. 1800, p. 210. 



II Ann. dps Sci. Nat. vii. 1867, p. 27. 



^ Quart. .lourn. Geol. Soc. vol. xxvi. 1870, p. 4()8. 



