164 Dr. C. J. F. Major on some Fossil 



have supposed, it is met with in Switzerland, together with 

 Elej)lias antiquuSj Bos 'primigenius^ Cerviis elaphus^ &c., in 

 the foliated coals of Diirnten, which were preceded and suc- 

 ceeded by a glacial epoch*. In Germany Rhinoceros Merchii 

 preceded R. tichorhinus, and, according to H. von Meyer, 

 occupies the lower part of the Diluvian, whilst R. tichorinus 

 occurs in the upper part, which, however, does not preclude 

 that in some places the two s]3ecies may have coexisted f. 



2. Rhinoceros leptorhinus^ Cuv., the principal representative 

 of which is the celebrated Oortesi skull preserved in the Mu- 

 seum of Milan, does not appear to be very frequent in the 

 Val d'Arno. Falconer regarded this species as characteristic 

 of the upper Pliocene formation of the Val d'Arno |. In 

 England, as we have already said, it was first met with in the 

 Norfolk forest-bed. The lower brick-earths in the valley of 

 the Thames, according to Mr. Boyd Dawkins, unite the pre- 

 glacial to the postglacial — that is to say, to the fauna of the caves 

 and lluviatile deposits §. We have already (p. 159, note) given 

 the list of the mammals found in one of these localities (Gray's 

 Thurrock) ; to this must be added, to complete the fauna of 

 the brick-earths in general, the following Mammaha met 

 with in other localities in the valley of the Thames : — 

 Cervus cajjreoluSj Ovihos moschatus^ Ursus ferox^ Elephas 



primigenius^ Rhinoceros tichorhinus\\. In these earths, there- 

 fore. Rhinoceros leptorhinus occurs associated with a partially 

 arctic fauna. Moreover its presence has, not long since, been 

 demonstrated by Mr. Busk in the Oreston cave^. 



3. Rhinoceros hemitoechus^ Falc, which has generally been 

 regarded as characteristic of the epochs posterior to the 

 two species already cited, but anterior to R. fichorhinus** ^ has 

 been met with in England in certain caves, together with 



* Heer, Urwelt der Scliweiz, p. 498. 



t H. von Meyer, "Die diluvialen Mhinoccros-Arten,'" PaliBontogi-aphica, 

 Bd. xi. 1864, p. 282. 



X Falconer, I.e. p. 810. "With this species [i2. leptorhinus, Cuv.] 

 also I have identified the rhinoceros remains found in the Subapennine 

 beds of Piacenza, in the Val d'Arno upper beds, at Montpellier and Lyons, 

 and at Gray's Thurrock in Essex." 



§ "On these grounds the deposits in question have been separated from 

 the ordinary postg-lacial series. They probably form the hrst terms of 

 the postglacial series, and point back to a time when the postglacial in- 

 vaders had not taken full possession of this district " (W. JJoyd Dawkins, 

 " On the Distribution of the British Postglacial IMammals," Quart. Journ. 

 Geol. Soc. vol. XXV. bSGO, p. 214). 



II Boyd Dawkins, /. c. p. 199. 



•f[ Quart. .Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxvi. 1870, p. 457. 



** Diiyd Dawkins, "On the Dentition of Rhinvceros leptorhinus, Owen," 

 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxiii. 1807, p. 218 et seqq. 



