330 Dr. J. E. Gray 07i the Mud- Tortoises of India. 



Reptiles/ tab. x., and is the same as the former, Trionyx 

 hurum. 



4. Testudo ocellatus. Copied in Gray's ' Illustrations of 

 Indian Zoology.' Called Trionyx ocellatus there and in this 

 paper. 



5. Testudo gataghol. Copied as Tnowyxyavawicws in Gray's 

 ' Illustrations of Indian Zoology ; ' but this now proves to be a 

 new species of Aspilus, named Asjnlus gataghol in this paper. 



6. Testudo chitra. This is the Chitra hidica of the ' Cata- 

 logue of Shield Reptiles in the British Museum.' 



In my ' Synopsis of Reptiles ' I described some of these 

 drawings ; and in the ' Illustrations of Indian Zoology ' I pub- 

 lished a selection from them, which I believe were the first 

 published figures of Indian mud- tortoises. This book contains 

 some mistakes in nomenclature ; but it is to be recollected that 

 when it was published (in 1831) there was not a single spe- 

 cimen of the Asiatic species of the family in this country. 



In 1809 M. Geoffroy, in the ' Annales du Museum d'Histoire 

 Naturelle' (vol. iv. p. 1), formed the genus Trionyx^ and 

 described the species which had come under his notice. They 

 are as follow : — 



1. Trionyx suhplanus, p. 15, tab. v. fig. 1. This species is 

 established upon the bones of a dorsal disk ; and the habitat is 

 unknown. There is little doubt that it is the Dogania suh-plana 

 of my '■ Catalogue of Tortoises.' 



2. Trionyx cegyptiacus, p. 12, tab. i. fig. 2, a beautiful figure 

 of the back and lower surface of the animal, and of the bones 

 of the back and sternum. This is the Tyrse nilotica. 



3. Trionyx stellatus, p. 13. From the Testudo cartilaginea 

 of Boddaert, which the French had taken from the Dutch 

 museum ; a young specimen, peculiar for having five stars in 

 the hinder part of the carapace. It is not known from what 

 country it came, and is in too bad a state to determine ; 

 Dumdril and Bibron consider it the young of Gymn&pus java- 

 nicus. 



4. Testudo carinatus, p. 14, tab. iv., which represents the 

 dorsal and sternal disks of a young half-grown specimen, of 

 which we do not know the locality ; but being without its head it 

 is impossible to tell whether it belongs to Trionyx, Platypeltis, 

 or any other genus that has four callosities. It is peculiar for 

 having the front odd bone at a considerable distance from the 

 dorsal disk. Schweigger changed the name of this species to 

 Trionyx Brongniartii ; and Bibron considered it the young of 

 Gymnopus spiniferus, which he confounded with Testudo ferox 

 of Pennant. 



5. Trionyx javanicus, p. 15, tab. iii., representing the dorsal 



