Nature o/Haliphysema Tumanowiczii. 75 



local surroundings of the organism, — it is impossible to repress 

 the suspicion that this accredited species is a mere local variety 

 of the type now under discussion. To place the Haltphysema 

 glohigerina, Haeckel (the test of which is constructed oiGlobi- 

 gerina, Textularia, and other foraminiferous shells, mixed with 

 those of Polycystina), in the same category, would at present, 

 perhaps, be rather a bold step. It may at the same time be 

 remarked that the shells of various Foraminifera, such as 

 Miliola and Roialia, are not unfrequently found incorporated 

 among the quartz grains and sponge- spicules in the test of 

 the present species, and as, indeed, indicated in the example 

 represented in PI. IV. fig. 6. It has further to be added that 

 HaUphysema Tumanowiczii apparently enjoys a considerable 

 bathymetrical range, as, in addition to taking it close to the 

 shore-line, it has been fished up by me at a depth of over 

 20 fathoms off this same coast, and may probably extend to 

 those abyssal depths where Globigerine and other foramini- 

 ferous shells afibrd the most abundant building-material for the 

 construction of the test. Proceeding to an examination of 

 the more attenuate variations of this species, the elongate, 

 bent, and somewhat irregularly clavate form delineated in 

 fig. 1 may be said to represent the most simple and typical 

 example ; fig. 5, as also fig. 2, whose truncate distal extre- 

 mities, however, indicate their as yet immature condition, 

 are shorter and rather thicker modifications of the same 

 variety. In all of these the diameter of the test increases 

 with a moderate amount of uniformity in proportion to its 

 linear extension, there being no sudden marked dilatation 

 of its calibre either distally or at any intermediate portion 

 of its course. Figs. 3 and 7 of this same Plate exhibit a 

 marked deviation from the preceding examples. The initial 

 or pedicle portion is here still more elongate and remarkable 

 for its sinuous and contorted contour ; surmounting this suc- 

 ceeds a dilated subglobose capitulum, corresponding with that 

 already referred to as not unfrequently associated with the 

 short straight-stalked variety most nearly approaching 

 Haeckel's HaUphysema ecMnoides. All the varieties so far 

 enumerated are found to merge gradually into one another, 

 and thus form a single gradational series, all again occurring 

 in close proximity on the same frond of seaweed. One sin- 

 gular example encountered in association with the foregoing, 

 and which must without doubt be regarded as an abnormal 

 form, remains to be described. As shown in the illustration 

 of this specimen (PI. IV. fig. 4) , the long spicular elements 

 represented more or less abundantly in all the other ex- 

 amples are here reduced to a minimum, the entire test 



