Geological Society. 97 



now living exclusi vely in the arctic zone are wanting in the Grin- 

 nell-Land deposits ; but, on the other hand, most of the genera still 

 extend into that zone, although they range in Grinnell Land from 

 12" to 15° further north than at present. 



3. " On our present Knowledge of the Invertebrate Fauna of the 

 Lower Carboniferous or Calciferous Sandstone Series of tlie Edinburgh 

 Neighbourhood, especially of that division known as the Wardie 

 Shales, and on the lirst appearance of certain Species in the Beds." 

 By R. Etheridge, Esq., Jun., F.G.S. 



The Calciferous Sandstone series of the district described consists, 

 according to the author, of two divisions: — the superior, or "Cement- 

 stone group," composed of sandstones, shales, oil-shales, some thin 

 coals, and a few limestones ; the inforioi-, or " Red Sandstone," 

 consisting of red and grey sandstones, conglomerates, marls, and 

 cornstones. The latter are very unfossiliferous, an Entomostracan 

 (Estheria Peachii) being the only fossil known from the Red Sand- 

 stone. In some sandstones and shales at Clubbiedean Reservoir, 

 placed with doubt at the base of the Cement-stone group, Leperditia 

 scotoburdigaleasis and a crushed bivalve (Mycilina?) occur with 

 Siohenopteris affinis ; and a limestone belonging to the same set of 

 beds is almost entirely composed of S2)irorbis helicteres with S. car- 

 honctrius ('?). In shales at Craiglockhart Hill, Discina nitlda, Lin- 

 gula squamiformis (?) and mytiloides, Anthracosia nucleus, Avicula 

 Hendersoni^ and a new Mycdina occur. In the Wardie Shales at 

 Woodhall Serpidites carbonarins, a species of ClicpAetes, a new species 

 of Leda., Myalina crassa, var., a species of Aviculojyecten, Schizodus 

 Salteri, Pandora typica, Pleurotomaria monilifera, Murchisonia stria- 

 tula (?), Bellerophon decussata, var., a species of Comdaria, Nautilus 

 cctriniferus, and a species of Orthoceras make their appearance, as- 

 sociated with several of the previously mentioned fossils. This ap- 

 pears to be the richest deposit in the whole group ; but a ncAv species 

 not found in it occurs elsewhere. The author has increased the 

 known invertebrate fauna of the Calciferous Sandstone group in this 

 district from 20 to 30 species, most of which he describes and figures, 

 and among them the following are distinguished as new or undeter- 

 mined: — Chcetetes, sp., Avicula Hendersoni,Avicidopecten, sip.^Anthra- 

 coptera obesa, Myalina sublamellosa, Nucnlana Sharmani, Pandora ? 

 typica, Littorina ? scotoburdigalensis, Conularia,SY>., and Orthoceras, sip. 



From his investigation of these species he indicated the occurrence 

 of at least three or four marine beds in the Calciferous Sandstone 

 series in addition to that mentioned by Mr. Salter, namely, at Craig- 

 lockhart, at Woodhall, Water of Leith, at Drumsheugh, which may 

 be identical with the last, and probably at Dean Bridge. Several of 

 the species which occur low down in this sci-ies, attain their greatest 

 development in, and are characteristic of, the Carboniferous Lime- 

 stone series. 



Ann. ds Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 5. Vol. ii. 7 



