Nearly 200 years later marine technicians are still using the 

 same tools (fig. 6.Z). Hjwever, here, the bucket is metal, pro- 

 bably a retrogression and not as good as Benjamin Franklin's 

 wooden bucket for thermal reasons. 



At this point I will give you the other barrel. The oceanogra- 

 pher may find himself in the unenviable position of making 

 measurements of dubious accuracy at uncertain locations. You 

 heard Admiral Pierce mention the matter of navigational problems. 

 You heard him say that the North Pacific was selected for the first 

 ocean surveys because of the existence of a new Loran C installa- 

 tion. A tremendous mass of the Pacific and the South Atlantic 

 has no modern electronic navigational aids. Ships operating in the 

 equatorial areas often go for a week to ten days with no celestial 

 fixes. You can understand why the oceanographer does not always 

 know precisely where he is. Admiral Stephan referred to a dearth 

 of adequate instruments. You can put two and two together at this 

 point. 



I will attempt to classify instruments -- a dangerous thing to 

 do -- to give you some frame of reference: First are the pressure- 

 protected instruments. These often take the shape of cylinders or 

 spheres and are rigid, heavy-walied devices to withstand the 

 pressure. Secondly, we have instruments designed to be in pres- 

 sure equilibrium. These are often fluid-filled or they nnay con- 

 sist of solid materials, modern potting compounds, etc. In these 

 the internal components must resist the ambient pressure. It is 

 sometimes easier to operate a pressure-equalized instrument 

 than the pressure-protected type. Thirdly, there are surface 

 or subsurface instrument buoys or instrument skiffs. 



6.2 



FIGURE 

 TECHNICIAN TAKING 

 "BUCKET TEMPERATURE' 



31 



