of newly-developed, production-engineered instruments under 

 actual field conditions. They must be subjected to the same envir- 

 onmental factors as they will be during regular usage. 



Next, I would like to say a word about the method by which 

 our specifications are drawn. There are the usual two types: 

 The performance specification and the engineering specifications. 

 The handouts that you have received on survey instrument re- 

 quirements contain a combination of both. Any requests for quota- 

 tion would probably contain one or the other, depending on the 

 state of the art. 



In summary, while we have some sort of prototypes for most 

 of the measurements desired, they are, for the most part, a long 

 way from being the well-engineered, durable, reliable devices 

 required for shipboard survey operations, and they lack inter - 

 changeability of components and systems. They do not generally 

 collect information in a manner amenable to rapid machine pro- 

 cessing, and they do not lend themselves to quantity production at 

 relatively low cost. 



At present, the need to define requirements, the analysis of 

 available data, and the solution of vast numbers of oceanographic 

 problems can keep every available oceanographer busy full time. 

 The qualified oceanographer should not have to be additionally 

 burdened with developing and manufacturing his own instruments 

 to collect data. Here again, is where industry, with its extensive 

 background and facilities, can play a m ijor role to relieve the 

 situation. Volume-wise, the survey requirement probably 

 represents the largest market in the oceanographic instrument 

 field. 



Reviewing the market, the SHIPS OF OPPORTUNITY (fig. 8.12) 

 require navigation equipment, temperature equipment, and depth 

 equipment. Again, we have prototypes of all of these, but at 

 present they are either not in production or they are not reliable 

 and compatible with our present data processing capability. 

 Each system is composed of many individual components such as 

 sensors, sensor housing, cable, winch, monitor, recorder, power 

 supply, and telemetering equipment. 



For the SYNOPTIC SHIPS (fig. 8.13) we need instruments to 

 measure position, temperature, sound velocity, salinity, and depth; 

 we need a wave -measuring device in the expanded system, and 



85 



