MR. ROBERT LAKARI (Sylvania Electric Products, Inc.): Corre- 

 lation of all various data must be important. What methods are 

 presently used in various recording instruments to provide a time 

 sequence? In other words, how is time cranked into our recording 

 methods ? 



MR. J. M. SNODGRASS (SIO): If you are recording the data that 

 goes into the Data Center, of course, this is primarily hand- 

 annotated. In talking about some of the newer instrumentation that 

 is available, there are a number of techniques, such as real time 

 generators and markers. And of course, still, some hand-annota- 

 tions go along with script type recorders, but generally speaking, 

 these are the main ways in which we annotate our information. 



THE CHAIRMAN: A question from an unknown party: "What is the 

 normal attrition rate due to loss of instruments from line parting, 

 winch failures, and so on. And what is the tolerable cost loss of 

 overboard equipment? This data has a significant impact on cost 

 of sensor vs. reliability of recovery vs. tolerable loss rates. " 



MR. J. M. SNODGRASS (SIO): I thmk a variety of us would like 

 to talk on this. This is a rather difficult one to answer. Even 

 so-called primitive instruments, such as a string of Nansen bot- 

 tles used for taking so-called deep casts, are lost too frequently, 

 unfortunately. The loss, cost-wise, on these, I suspect, gets up 

 to just under $10, 000, but since this instrument is very simple, 

 you would not consider the loss very great. There is an itenn on 

 the book (appendix E, Urm I-cl) fairly high in the priority list, 

 namely, a constant tension winch. This is desired just to help 

 avoid this problem that you are talking about, because most of 

 the existing winches do not give us any real degree of safety in 

 this connection, and the oceanographer is habitually working his 

 cables up to six-tenths of the ultinnate. The standard commercial 

 practice in elevators is, I think, something like one -twentieth. 

 The oceanographer uses less of a safety factor to work very deep 

 with materials available. With the kind of winches we have, as a 

 consequence, we sometimes loose a string and this we have to 

 accept. These accidents should become less and less frequent, 

 and, with proper winches, should approach a fairly tolerable level. 



PROFESSOR BRUCE B. BENSON, Ph. D, (Amherst College): 



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