whole program of expansion in oceanography is in its infancy. 

 Just as this meeting is really a first attempt to get Industry into 

 the instrumentation part, the same is true for the organization 

 of the whole program of oceanography throughout the Federal Gov- 

 ernment. 



The TENOC program of the Navy which was originally signed 

 about two years ago was only a program for basic research. It 

 proved to be inadequate to meet the total Navy needs in this area. 

 It has since been reviewed and a new TENOC program covering 

 all of the oceanographic efforts of the Navy has been put out and 

 signed by Admiral Burke. 



As a result of these efforts, Assistant-Secretary Wakelin has 

 asked all of the other Federal Agencies interested in oceanography 

 to prepare similar long-range programs in oceanography. 



Once these programs are available, they can be put together 

 through the mechanism of this Interagency Committee. We can 

 begin to have some good overall planning in the Oceanographic 

 Program. But the main thing I wanted to emphasize is that the 

 whole program is really just getting started. 



MR. LEE HELSER (Fairchild Camera and Instrument Company): 

 It was nnentioned by Mr. Snodgrass that optical windows "fouled. " 

 What is the nature of window degradation suffered and are any 

 particular glasses -- for example, fused, quartz, crown, flint, 

 etc., better for undersea work? 



MR. J. M. SNODGRASS (SIO): No. Ey.ensive studies have been 

 made with various glasses from this standpoint. The problem is 

 due to marine organisms which attach themselves to practically 

 any surface you want to create. It is a physical attachment of the 

 organism, slimy excretions and things of that sort, that cause the 

 failure in the window. Sometimes, there may be structural 

 damage but this is minor. 



THE CHAIRMAN: In connection with this, we have been doing some 

 work on specific toxins for oyster culture in some parts of the 

 country and have found that certain chemicals reduce fouling on 

 oyster cultch, the old oyster shell that is put out to collect the 

 spat. Some of these chemicals seem to hang on to this old cultch 

 for many months and keep away the fouling organisms very satis- 

 factorily. Some research in this area might show the same thing 

 for optical windows. 



119 



