the most part in universities or other nonprofit research institu- 

 tions. In a smaller number of instances proposals are received 

 from scientists affiliated with industrial organizations. In no in- 

 stance is a proposal solicited. Indeed, generally the scientists 

 submitting the basic research proposals are unaware of the Navy's 

 applied programmatic interests in hydrobiology. The result is a 

 happy wedding of the intellectual interests of the scientists and the 

 consumer interests of the Navy. In the first instance, the investi- 

 gator is free to carry on research sponsored by the Office of Naval 

 Research which represents his personal scientific selection. In the 

 second instance, because of the care used in selecting basic research 

 for Office of Naval Research sponsorship, the Navy obtains the 

 fundamental data which it needs for its own purpose. Thus, under 

 this system the research program manager in the Office of Naval 

 Research has the major responsibility of fitting together the re- 

 search pieces of the "jigsaw puzzle" to construct a Hydrobiology 

 Program mosaic which is of significance to the Navy. 



2. There is a pressing need to provide the scientists engaged 

 in hydrobiological research with improved research facilities and 

 equipment. It is important in this regard to recognize that the great 

 majority of the scientists conducting research in this field are not 

 affiliated with oceanographic institutions. Most of them are assoc- 

 iated with biology departments of universities or with marine bio- 

 logical field stations. In a great many cases seagoing research 

 ships are not available to them. Also, in a disturbingly large 

 number of instances the research ships which are made available for 

 their use are available for relatively short periods, and often on 

 a not-to-interfere basis. Also, it is important to note that most 

 of the oceanographic research ships are suitable only for a narrow 

 range of biological researches -- primarily for survey types of 

 biological collecting. As a result, it is exceedingly difficult for 

 .the research biologist to conduct so-called "standard station in- 

 vestigations, " that is, to investigate the population dynamics and 

 biological activities of marine organisms in a given locality for 

 extended periods or over several seasons. Another important 

 problem quite closely related to the scarcity of suitable research 

 ships is the lack of specialized equipment. There is a pressing 

 need for inrjproved collecting devices. Recently, the Office of Na- 

 val Research pioneered in the development of an automatic plank- 

 ton collector which could be mounted on the hull of a submarine. 

 This device, known as the Gizmo I, was used quite successfully 

 on the U. S. S. Sea Dragon during its circumpolar cruise. This has 

 provided the scientific community with a valuable series of bio- 

 logical collections obtained from middepths and from a variety 



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