cle is required to traverse or search the 

 bottom over a large area, the pilot may elect 

 to use some of these options; ALVMINAVT is 

 an example. In its early operations, ALUMI- 

 NAVT was fitted with three water- filled air- 

 craft wheels enabling the vehicle literally to 

 "taxi" along the bottom by first attaining 

 very slight negative buoyancy and then pro- 

 pelling itself along with the wheels in con- 

 tact with the sea floor. The procedure freed 

 the pilot of making frequent trim or ballast 

 changes as the bottom topography varied or 

 as the crew moved about. The wheels were 

 later replaced by iron skids which served the 

 same purpose and were less troublesome. 

 Obviously, this procedure can be applied only 

 where the bottom is sufficiently smooth. One 

 disadvantage to this procedure is that a sedi- 

 ment cloud, caused by disturbing the bottom, 

 follows the submersible, and, if the current is 

 following also, valuable bottom time is ex- 

 pended while waiting for the visibility-ob- 

 scuring cloud to drift off or settle out of the 

 water. 



REFERENCES 



1. Rechnitzer, A. B. and Gorman, F. T. 1969 

 Submersibles. in Handbook of Ocean 

 and Underwater Engineering, McGraw- 

 Hill Book Co., New York, p. 9-63 thru 9- 

 80. 



2. Vincent, M. and Stavovy, A. B. 1963 The 

 promising aspects of deejt-sea vehicles. 

 Paper No. 3 presented at the Annual 

 Meeting of the Society of Naval Ai'chi- 

 tects and Marine Engineers, 14-15 Nov. 

 1963, 16 pp. 



3. Covey, C. W. 1964 ALLfMINAUT. Under- 

 sea Tech., v. 5, n. 9, p. 16-23. 



5. 



6. 



4. Talkington, H. R. and Murphy, D. W. 

 1972 Transparent Hull Submersibles 

 find the MAKAIiAI. Naval Undersea Re- 

 search and Development Center, Report 

 TP-283. 



Mavor, J. W., Frochlich, H. E., Marquet, 

 W. M. and Rainnie, W. 0. 1966 ALVIIX, 

 6000- ft. submergence research vehicle. 

 Paper presented at the Annual Meeting, 

 New York, N.Y., Nov. 10-11, 1966 of the 

 Society of Naval Architects and Marine 

 Engineers, n. 3, 32 pp. 

 Rockwell, P. K., Elliott, R. E. and Snoey, 

 M. R. 1971 NEMO. A Netv Concept in 

 Submersibles. NCEL TR-749, 68 pp. 



7. Rosenberg, M. A. 1970 Buoyancy mate- 

 rials for deep submergence applica- 

 tions. Oceanology International, Mar. 

 1970, p. 30-32. 



Dudt, P., Tinley, T. and Weishanr, F. 1973 

 Lower-cost 34-LB Syntactic Foam for 

 20,000 ft. Depth Applications. NSRDC 

 Interim Report No. 1, SD Tech. Note SD- 

 172-163, Bethesda, Md., 19 pp. 



9. Piccard, A. 1956 Earth, Sky and Sea. 

 Oxford University Press, New York, 192 

 pp. 



Araki, A. 1972 The operation by the 

 HAKUYO. Reprints from the Second In- 

 ternational Ocean Development Confer- 

 ence, Tokyo, Japan, 1972, v. 1, p. 821-828. 

 Watson, W. 1971 The design, construc- 

 tion, testing and operation of a deep- 

 diving submersible for ocean floor ex- 

 ploration. Paper presented in the Trans- 

 actions of the Annual Meeting of the 

 Society of Naval Architects and Marine 

 Engineers, Nov. 11-12, New York, p. 405- 

 433. 



8 



10. 



11. 



308 



