Human Wastes: 



For long duration missions the nature and 

 source of human wastes which must be con- 

 sidered are shown in Table 9.6. The Bioas- 

 tronautics Data Book (11) provides quanti- 

 tative information on all of these products. 

 Because of the short dive duration, today's 

 submersibles generally only consider urine, 

 feces and vomitus for their waste storage/ 

 control system. No known submersible de- 

 sign incorporates a means of ejecting such 

 wastes into the sea; consequently, all ap- 

 proaches eventually lead to storing them 

 until the dive is terminated. The exception, 

 as noted previously, is the BEN FRANKLIlS's 

 system of waste tanks for long duration stor- 

 age. 



The solution to storage of human wastes is 

 inordinately simple: A plastic, scalable bag 

 takes care of vomitus, and a jar or chemical 

 toilet takes care of urine and feces. Figure 

 9.7 shows DS-2000's approach to urine stor- 

 age and it typifizs the approach in most 

 vehicles — it is a polyethylene container made 

 for the light aircraft industry and has a 

 liquid capacity of one quart. 



A temporary solution to urine and feces 

 storage is to fast for some period before the 

 dive commences and to use the support ship 

 facilities just prior to embarking on the sub- 

 mersible. While the topic does have its hu- 

 morous aspects, there is nothing humorous 



Fig. 9 7 DEEPSTAR 2000s human element range exlender (HERE). 



as far as one's fellow occupants are con- 

 cerned. In view of the normal discomfort 

 within small submersibles, consideration in 

 this vein is not only courteous, but in the 

 final analysis, the by-product gasses might 



TABLE 9.6 HUMAN WASTE PRODUCTS [FROM REF. (1)] 



Waste 



Source 



Examples 



Solid 



Metabolic 



Debris 



Other 



Feces 



Hair, Nail Clippings, Toilet Paper, Metal Cans, Bottles, Paper, Plastic Packages 



Waste Food, Vomitus 



Liquid 



Metabolic 

 Other 



Urine, Respiration, Perspiration 



Wash Water, Waste Foods (Coffee, Tea, Milk, etc.). Chemicals 



Gaseous 



Metabolic 

 Other 



Flatus, Ammonia, CO2, CO 



Material Outgassing, Bacterial Metabolism 



427 



