pability. Because PISCES had to be maneu- 

 vered back into position after each blow, 10 

 hours of pounding were consumed before the 

 toggle was successfully driven home. Pre- 

 vious to the toggle insertion, the submersible 

 assisted in maneuvering the wire rope sling 

 from bow to stern. Prior to lifting, PISCES 

 made a final inspection of the tug and lift 

 lines to assure that all components were 

 secure. 



Dumping Ground Inspection (Ref. 49) 



Increased environmental awareness has 

 prompted a number of recent diving opera- 

 tions which are of both an engineering and a 

 research nature. DEEP QUEST dived off the 

 coast of Southern California in 1972 to deter- 

 mine the possible harm and other results of 

 dumping contaminated industrial and radio- 

 active wastes, garbage and trash in water 

 depths of 6,000 feet. Visual observations and 

 photographic/TV coverage were used to as- 

 sess and document the condition of the con- 

 tainers and the obvious effects on the envi- 

 ronment. A salinity/temperature/depth sys- 

 tem and light transmissometer were used to 

 measure in situ conditions. A core sampler 

 and multi-rosette water sampler (General 

 Oceans Inc.) were used to collect samples for 

 subsequent laboratory analyses. 



The instruments described above are 

 largely for scientific investigations, but pres- 

 ent submersible work is in the engineering, 

 e.g., hardware inspection, repair, implant- 

 ment, area. Unfortunately, there is a scarc- 

 ity of publications dealing with the tools of 

 this trade, possibly because some are pro- 

 prietary and some may not perform as well 

 as anticipated. Whatever the reason, the ab- 

 sence of such accounts is detrimental to the 

 field at large, because it leaves each user to 

 his own devices to try, through trial and 

 error, to derive working, practical instru- 

 ments. As a result, when progress is on such 

 an individual basis it can be painfully slow. 



REFERENCES 



1. Ballard, R. D. & Emery, K. O. 1970 Re- 

 search Submersibles in Oceanography. 



Mar. Tech. Soc. Pub., Wash., D.C., 70 pp. 



2. Hull, E. W. S. 1967 Those remarkable 

 little work boats. Geo. Mar. Tech., v. 3, n. 

 5, p. 22-40. 



3. Haigh, K. R. 1970 Instrumentation Inter- 

 ference in submersibles. Mar. Tech. Soc. 

 6th Ann. Sym., v. 2, p. 1189-1201. 



4. Hawkins, L. K. & Merrifield, R. 1970 In- 

 strumentation on manned submersibles. 

 U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office, I.R. 

 No. 70-8, 28 pp. 



5. Rainnie, W. O., Jr. 1968 Adventures of 

 ALVIN. Ocn. Ind., v. 3, n. 5, p. 22-28. 



6. Winget, C. L. 1969 Hand Tools and Me- 

 chanical Accessories for a Deep Sub- 

 mersible. W.H.O.I. Tech. Rept. Ref. 69- 

 32, 445 pp. 



7. Busby, R. F. 1970 Oceanographic Instru- 

 mentation on the submersible BEN 

 FRANKLIN. Trans. Mar. Tech. Soc. 6th 

 Ann. Conf. & Expo., v. 2, p. 1041-1078. 



8. U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office 1970 

 Manned Submersibles and Underwater 

 Surveying. Special Rept. 153, 156 pp. 



9. Pollio, J. 1969a Applications of underwa- 

 ter photogrammetry. Mar. Tech. Soc. 

 Jour., V. 3, n. 1, p. 55-72. 



10. Benthos, Inc., Falmouth, Mass. Subma- 

 rine Piston Corer Benthos Type 343.. 



11. Thomson, M. F. & McFarlane, J. R. 1972 

 Submersible development in Canada. 

 2nd Int. Ocn. Dev. Conf., Japan, v. 1, p. 

 799-809. 



12. Higgs, R. H. & Carroll, J. C. 1967 ALUMI- 

 NAUT magnetometer operation, St. 

 Croix, Virgin Islands 1966. U.S. Naval 

 Oceanographic Office, I.R. No. 67-33, 28 

 pp. 



13. U.S. Naval Undersea Center 1968 DEEP 

 STAR logs (1 through 4); U.S. Naval 

 Undersea Center, San Diego, Calif., 202 

 pp. (Unpub. Manuscript) 



14. Busby, R. F. & Merrifield, R. 1967 Under- 

 sea studies with the DSRV ALVIN, Ton- 

 gue of the Ocean, Bahanms. U.S. Naval 

 Oceanographic Office, Informal Rept. No. 

 67-51, p. 54. 



15. Thompson, L. D. 1968 Gravity meter tests 

 on the Deep Research Vehicle ALUMI- 

 NAUT, Vieques, Puerto Rico. Final 

 Rept. of U.S. Naval Oceanographic Of- 

 fice, Cont. No. N62306-68-60008. Items 2 

 &4. 



16. Church, R. 1969 Abyssal photography 

 from DEEPSTAR-4000. 3 onr. Mar. Tech. 

 Soc, V. 3, n. 1, p. 95-100. 



17. Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation 



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