TABLE 14.1 SUBMERSIBLE EMERGENCY SYSTEMS AND DEVICES (Cont.) 



Man Pres Heieas Closed 



ual Trim Equip H.gh Hull Perjon able Submgd Citcuil Scuba 



Aulo Obsia 



malic Echo c'e Aimo 



■ bal>as, e, Sana, ,u.. D,op B>nw Drop .on Blow lease Eg.e^ su.e ble Bag e.s able F,„d Power d,o UQC L.gh, nal Rare. SaH Trunk Bags M Buny L,gh,s ponder er Gas A„ Elec Rat.s 



Ra Rock 

 lorn Flash- dio els 



Inllai lace lace Mark Under 



Eiiernai 



TUDLIK (PS21 

 TURTLE 

 VASTMK II (KJSOl 



VIPER FISH 

 VOL LI 

 YOMIURJ 



TABLE 14.2 EMERGENCY AVOIDANCE SYSTEMS 



Contingency 



Avoidance Systems 



Exceeding Operational Depth 



Depth Gage 



Automatic Debaliasting Devices: 



Weight Drop 



Ballast Blow 

 Surface Buoy 



Impact With Bottom 

 Obstacles To Maneuvering 



Echo Sounder 



Obstacle Avoidance Sonar 



Life Support Failures 



Deteriorating Surface Conditions 

 Surface Traffic 



Atmospheric Monitoring Devices 

 Underwater Telephone 



Separation From Surface Ship 



Pinger 



Transponder 

 Underwater Telephone 

 Surface Buoy 



Faulty Life Support 



Monitors: O2, CO2, Pressure (Cabin), CO, Trace Contaminants 



deal of the operational problems which ac- 

 company submersibles; the latter, if em- 

 ployed, is the best asset the operator has to 

 avoid situations wherein emergency meas- 

 ures must be executed. Assisting the opera- 

 tor are a number of devices to counteract 

 potential emergencies; these will be dis- 

 cussed briefly under the nature of the emer- 

 gency. In some instances one instrument 

 may serve to avoid or counteract more than 



one kind of emergency: Thus the apparent 

 duplication in Tables 14.2 through 14.4. 



Exceeding Operational Depth 



Depth Cages: 



Pressure-sensitive depth gages are availa- 

 ble with accuracies up to ±0.05 percent of 

 full scale range. Most submersibles include a 

 safety factor of 1.5 on all pressure-resistant 



653 



