Formulas for Volumes 



The volume of a cube (compartment) 



V = LX W= H 



The volume of a sphere (balloon) - 



V = .5236 X Dia.3 



The volume of a cylinder (pontoon) — 



V = .7854X Dia.2 X L 



Formulas for Seamanship 



1. Breaking strain of natural fiber line = 



C2 X 900 lbs. 



2. Breaking strain of nylon vuire = C^ X 2,400 lbs. 



3. Breaking strain of wire = C^ X 8,000 lbs. 



Safe working load for 1-2-3 above — 

 1 /4 B.S. = S.W. for new line or wire 

 1 /6 B.S. = S.W. for average line or wire 

 1/8 B.S. = S.W. for unfavorable conditions 



Safe working load of a shackle = 

 3 X Dia.2 = S.W. in tons 



Safe working load of a hook = 

 2/3 X Dia.2 = S.W. in tons 



Temperature Conversions 



1. Fahrenheit to Centigrade 



°C = 5/9 (°F - 32) 



2. Centigrade to Fahrenheit 



°F = 9/5 (°C) -1- 32) 



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