2 to h inches belo;^- the fresh surface drift. The results of tempera- 

 ture, density, and Hammsonde hardness measurements beneath the snov; 

 surface are shown in figure 20, Over the Quonset hut, densities wore 

 moderate in the first 60 cm. of the pit and agreed vrell with the same 

 portion of the pit djig 1/2 mile to the east. In the deeper portions 

 of the latter pit densities increased irregularly to a relatively high 

 figure of bet^ween O.ijO and 0»h$ gra,/cm3, RamiTisonde hardness measurements 

 agreed substantially at both pits. Over the hut there was some hardening 

 of the subsurface resulting possibly from reflected solar heat from tte 

 side of the hut. Crusts noted in the upper 170 cm. of snow in the east 

 pit were probably caused by wind, Eddy currents probably were responsible 

 for the lack of crusts at the hut pit. 



At Kainan Bay, two l~meter snow pits v/ere dug in the shelf ice to 

 the east of the bay; the pits were 2 miles apart. Temperature, density, 

 and Eaimasonde hardness measurements were widely different in the two 

 pits (fig. 21), probab3.y because of local differences in meteorological 

 conditions. Station is considered to be the more representative of 

 conciitions in the interior. Figure 22 shoxjs snow stratigraphy in the 

 two pits. The pit at station contained much more ice than at the 

 northern station (N-l), The low density at the surface in station N-1 

 was caused by 7 inches of new snow which fell between the times of 

 digging the two pits. 



At Kainan Bay, 7 cores were made in the fast ice of the bay; 3 in 

 a line parallel to the edge of the fast ice near the sliip, 1 near a 

 tidal crack at the head of the bay, and 3 along a transverse line 

 running from the northwest to southeast corner of the bay. The thick- 

 ness of the solid ice ranged from 8.5 to 10.5 feet, the average thiclcness 

 being about 9,5 feet. Beneath the hard ice there xras a layer of 3 to U 

 feet of unconsolidated slush ice. The snow cover on the fast ice ranged 

 from 7 inches near the tidal crack to over 25 inches at the western side 

 and averaged about 17 inches, Prelimnary field conductivity tests run 

 on samples taken from tvjo core sections at various depths indicated a 

 sal-t content ranging from 1/7 to ]/lij. that of normal sea water. Salinity 

 titrations on the melted samples performed in the oceanographic laboratory 

 of the Hydrographic Office showed saliniLty to range from 1/6 to l/l6 

 that of normal sea water. The results of the laboratory salinity 

 determinations at 1-foot intervals throughout the length of cores 2 

 and 7 are shown in table I, Core number 2 was taken near the edge of 

 the fast ice, core number 7 was taken along the transverse line 2 miles 

 from the edge of the fast ice. 



At Atka Bay, there was no fast ice and the shelf ice face was low, 

 averaging from 15 to UO feet in height above the water, A 2-meter snow 

 pit (station 1) was dug in the shelf ice 6 miles inland, and Ramnsonde 

 profiles were obtained, Rammsonde profiles also were obtained at sta- 

 tion 2 , 10 miles inland. The sno^J surface was exceptionally smooth 



62 



