•'37:2 Key to the Palcearctic S/jcc'ws of Horned Larks. 



/'. Besides the black nasals, a black band, in typical 

 birds large, in less typical narrower, but 

 always distinct, forming a capistrum on the 

 foremost part of the forehead and followed by 

 a white band which does not reach the black 

 nasal coverts. In the female the black capis- 

 trum is replaced by one that is brown or 

 brownish. 

 k. Lighter, browner above; shaft-streaks on 

 the back less developed. Wing, <$ 4*95 

 4-25-4-00, ? 4-o0-4- 10-4-00 in.- #«//. Nan- 

 shan, Zaidam, Tibet, and Himalayas from 

 Sikkim to Ladak. — r iugrifrons Przew., 



1 876.] O. elwesi Blauf., 1872. 



k! . Decidedly darker in all the plumages, more 

 rufescent : shaft-streaks on the back more 

 developed. Wing, rf 4-95-4-60, $ 4-:>0- 

 4*45 io. — llab. Khani. S >uth-eastern Tibet. 



0. eltvtsi khamensis, subsp. nov. 



e'. No white band on tin' front part of the forehead, 



all the head from the nasals to the occiput bein!_ r 



black in the male ; in the female all the feathers 



of the forehead with dark shaft-streaks. Wing, 



S 4-60-4-25, 5 4-15-3-90 in.— Hab. Western 



Knen-lun to Cbamen-tagh .... O. teleschowi Przew., 1887. 



a'. Black chest-band connected with the black of the sides of 



the head, only the margins of the feathers being white 



in winter-dress, or the black feathers of the sides 



of neck partly white in the hybrids O. brandti X 



0. penicillata, forming a very incomplete and narrow 



white band. 



I. Vinous-red or lilac colour of the nape not extending 



over the back, which is always distinctly streaked, 



the shaft-streaks being more or less covered by the 



adjacent feathers only in the winter-dress. Wing, 



r { 4'8o-4-75-4-o5, $ 4-3o-4-00 in.— Hab. Alps of 



Balkan Peninsula, Caucasus, Persia, and Turkestan. 



[scriba Bp., 1850; albigula Bp., 1850; larvata 



Filippi, 1863; pallida et diluta Sharpe, 1890; bal- 



canica Reichw., 1895; transcaspica Floiicke, 1898; 



iranica Zarud. & Harms., 190J; oreodroma Ober- 



hols., 1902.] O. penicillata (Gould), 1837. 



/'. Vinous-red or lilac colour of the occiput and nape 

 extending over the back, which is almost uniform. 

 Wing, c <: 4-45-4-35, 5 4T5-4-05 m.—Hab. Syria and 

 Palestine O. penicillata bicornis Sharpe, 1884. 



