652 Recently published Ornithological J forks. 



good species. Calidris arenaria, though stated by Holbbll 

 to breed on Disco Island, was not met with anywhere in 

 Western Greenland, but was common in North-Eastern 

 Greenland, and breeds in some numbers in the swampy 

 lowlands at Mackenzie Bay. 



Lists are also given of the birds found in East Greenland 

 north of 70° N. lat., of those which breed in Spitsbergen, 

 of those which have been recorded from there on doubtful 

 evidence, of those which occur in Kuug Karls Land, and of 

 those which were met with on Giles Land by the Nathorst 

 Expedition in 1898. 



93. Lbnnberg on the Bill in Birds. 



[On the Homologies of the different Pieces of the Compound Rham- 

 photheca of Birds. Arkiv for Zoologi k. Svensk. Vetenskap. i. pp. 479- 

 512. Stockholm, 1904.] 



For this carefully prepared paper the author has ex- 

 amined the bills of most of the important families of birds, 

 and has endeavoured to ascertain the pieces into which the 

 rhamphotheca may have been originally divided, with a view 

 to determining how far the whole member may be homologous 

 with that of Reptiles. In most Reptiles there are to be found a 

 rostrale, labialia, nasalia, internasalia, a mentale, infralabialia, 

 and submandibularia, while possibly the whole of these existed 

 in the ancestral Reptiles. Dr. Lonnberg considers that he 

 can trace these pieces — or the majority of them — in many 

 families of Birds, although certain of them may have become 

 fused together or may have degenerated, being at times 

 reduced to a cere or shewing a mere groove at their 

 junction : in the Passeriformes they are hardly ever 

 separable. On the whole, he thinks that the facts uphold his 

 contention that the bill of Birds is homologous with the snout 

 of Reptiles, and that its condition may be of greater use in 

 classification than has been usually supposed. The paper 

 itself must, of course, be studied by our readers before a full 

 idea of its contents can be obtained, and anatomists must 

 decide for themselves how far they consider this a case of 

 homology rather than of analogy. The facts are clearly 



