THE TRUE LEMURS. 69 
mantled variety has the back of the neck, the shoulders and 
interscapular region entirely black. Another form has the ears, 
the ruff, and_a bar across the muzzle extending over and in 
front of the eyes, joining the ruff, pure white ; the fore-arms, 
legs, a bar across the buttocks joining the thighs greyish-white ; 
face, legs, and tail black; a ring encircling the body like 
a belt between the fore- and hind-limbs, yellowish-white ; rest 
of body dark reddish-brown. A third variety has the ears, 
ruff, and outer side of the arms and legs pure white; the 
flanks rusty-red, the rest of the body black. 
THE RED-RUFFED LeMuR (Z. ruber) is a very well-marked 
variety of the same species, and may easily be recognised by 
the ears, ruff and whole upper surface of body being dark 
rusty-red, with the outer surface of thighs and legs white; or, 
the ears, ruff and whole upper surface (except a white patch 
on the back of the neck) may be dark brown, with a white 
garter on each ankle; otherwise it may be entirely black. 
It is this variety which we have figured on Plate VII. 
Distribution. —Throughout the north-east of Madagascar. 
Habits—The Ruffed Lemur, called by the natives “ Vari- 
kossi,” has a loud, harsh and powerful voice, which can be 
heard for a long distance. 
Il. THE BLACK LEMUR. LEMUR MACACO. 
Lemur macaco, Linn., S. N., i., p. 44 (1766) ; Schl. Mus. Pays. 
Bas., vii., p. 302 (1876) ; Milne-Edwards et Grandid., H. 
N. Madag., Mamm., pls. 131, 132 (1890). 
Lemur niger, Schreb., Saugeth., pl. 40 A (1775). 
Lemur leucomystax, Bartlett, P. Z. S., 1862, p. 347, pl. xll. 
(female). 
Varecia nigra, Gray, P. Z. S., 1863, p. 136. 
