THE HOWLERS. 189 
black hairs. Face black, naked; nose broad and naked, and 
with a bright scarlet line down its bridge, broadening out on 
the latter and on the upper lip; tip of nose white, from the 
presence of a few white hairs. 
Long hairs on the head falling to all sides; tail long and 
clothed to the tip with long hairs hanging down from its under 
side, slightly prehensile. Length of the body, 15 inches ; of 
the tail, 18 inches. 
Distribution Amazonia. 
Habits—The White-Nosed Saki, which might much more 
appropriately have been called the ‘‘ Red-Nosed Saki,” is very 
rare ; its habits are quite unknown. The type specimen in the 
Paris Museum remained unique in Europe from 1848 till 1881, 
when a living specimen was brought to the Zoological Gardens 
in London. 
THE HOWLERS. SUB-FAMILY MYCETINA. 
This sub-family embraces only one genus, which is very 
distinct from all the others. The Howlers are the largest of 
the South American Apes, and are characterised by their 
thick unwieldy body, their pyramidal bead, and small facial 
angle, owing to their long, somewhat Dog-faced muzzle. The 
angle of the lower jaw is very large and massive, and their 
chief characteristic is the conspicuous thickening of the 
throat, owing to the great enlargement of the hyoid bones— 
which are widely inflated and cavernous—to form the curious 
vocal organ which the males of these animals possess, and 
by which their voice can be so augmented as to be heard 
at a distance of several miles.*¥ The skull is truncated behind 
* See the figures in Flower and Lydekker, Mammals, p. 711. 
