THE HOWLERS. 195 
seen taking off their young from their shoulders and throwing 
them down to the foot of the tree. Iam inclined to believe 
that a movement merely accidental has been mistaken for one 
that was premeditated. The Arguatoes, on account of their 
mournful aspect and their uniform howlings, are at once 
detested and calumniated by the Indians.” 
Mr. Wallace, in a paper “On the Monkeys of the Amazon,” 
in the “ Proceedings of the Zoological Society,” says: ‘“‘ Hum- 
boldt observes that the tremendous noise which these Howlers 
make can only be accounted for by the great number of indi- 
viduals that unite in its production. My own observations, 
and the unanimous testimony of the Indians, prove this not to 
be the case, one individual alone making the howling, which 
is certainly of a remarkable depth and volume and curiously 
modulated; but on closely remarking the suddenness with 
which it ceases and again commences, it is evident that it is 
produced by one animal, which is generally a_ full-grown 
male.” 
The flesh of this species is very good to eat, and furnishes 
the principal food of the inhabitants of the regions in which it 
abounds. 
II. THE BLACK HOWLER. ALOUATTA NIGRA. 
Stentor caraya, Humb. and Bonpl., Obs. Zool., 1, p. 355 (1811 
ex Azara). 
Mycetes barbatus, Spix, Sim. et Vespert., Bras., p. 46, pls. 32, 33 
(1811). 
Stentor niger (male), S. stramineus (female), Geoffr., Ann. 
Mus., xix., p. 108 (1812; nec Spix). 
Mycetes caraya, Less., Sp. Mamm. Bimanes et Quadrum., p. 
122 (1840); Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 41 (part). 
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