THE BABOONS. 259 
ears black, naked, and pointed ; under-jaw heavy ; tail carried 
erect, very short, two inches long, and naked beneath ; limbs 
short and powerful ; the Dog-like nose shorter than the upper 
lip; nostrils large. Hair rising from the ridge on the lower 
edge of the brow to a crest on the top of the head, descending 
into a mane on the back of the head and neck; hair of the 
body bristly ; chin bearded ; whiskers proceeding from over the 
cheek-bones and from under the outer corner of the eyes, long, 
and directed from the face; the very large callosities, parts of 
the rump in their neighbourhood, and the inside of the thighs 
naked. Hands and feet naked. 
Skull very massive, having numerous strong muscular crests ; 
the jaws and teeth very powerful, especially the canines, which 
are huge ; the forehead flat and the brain-case small, and fur- 
ther reduced by the great projection backward of the orbits. 
The cheek-bones enormously swollen along the side of the 
nose; in the neck a large air-sac. The back-bone has to some 
extent the peculiar double curve characteristic of the human 
vertebral column ; but in the conformation of certain of their 
vertebree a similarity to the lower quadrupeds, especially to the 
Carnivora, is seen in the Mandrill, in accordance with their 
quadrupedal mode of progression. The metacarpal bones, ex- 
cept that of the thumb, are all of the same length, while in the 
Man-like Apes they are unequal. The thumb is much 
restricted in its motions on account of the disposition of 
certain of the muscles of the hand. The pectoral and pelvic 
muscles are strongly developed. 
Face-ridges bright blue, with purple in the intervening fur- 
rows. The bridge of the nose (after the development of the 
permanent teeth) red, the tip scarlet; lips greyish-black. 
he 
